**Acknowledgement**

We would like to thank Dr. Michael Hendry and Dr. Janet McNicholl for valuable input. Work performed at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention was supported in part with Federal funds from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, under Interagency Agreement no. Y1-AI-0681-01.

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**Chapter 16** 

© 2012 Alves and Pimenta dos Reis, licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is

© 2012 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution,

properly cited.

females, at a rate slightly elevate in male cats.

**Feline Immunodeficiency** 

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/51631

**1. Introduction** 

population.

human beings.

Fabiana Alves and Jenner Karlisson Pimenta dos Reis

normal host barriers or deregulation of cellular immunity.

infections, neurologic diseases, and tumors.

Classic infectious causes of immunodeficiency in felines are the immunodeficiency by retroviruses, including feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukemia virus (FeLV). Immunodeficiency caused by these infectious agents may result from disruption of

The feline immunodeficiency virus and the feline leukemia virus are detected worldwide and are among the most common infectious diseases of domestic cats, others small felids and wild cats, and causes immunodeficiency, with increased risk for opportunistic

Feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus are retrovirus, but they differ in their potential to cause disease. FIV is classified as a *Lentivirus* and, FeLV as a *Gamaretrovirus*. The high incidence of FIV and FeLV is associated with density of cat

FIV causes immune dysfunctions in cats similar to those observed in people infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Diseases associated with FeLV and FIV may affect some organ, and may cause among other disorders, lymphoma, blood dyscrasias, alterations in the function of central nervous system, and secondary and opportunistic infections, with a significant number of opportunistic pathogens of viral, bacterial, protozoal, and fungal origin. Therefore, infected animals may play a role in transmission of various pathogens to

Risk groups for infection with FIV and FeLV are different: FIV is mainly associated with males, free access to streets and bites inflicted during fights for territory, therefore, the risk of FIV transmission is low in socially well-adapted cats, while FeLV infection is associated with social contacts and thus the FeLV infection is found almost equally between males and

and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

