**7. Multiple Sclerosis (MS)**

MS is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system characterized by chronic inflammation, demyelination, and axonal damage. Demyelination is due to pro inflammatory T cells. Mireia Guerau-de-Arellano et al. [48] identified increased levels of miR128 and 27b in naive and miR340 in memory CD4 T cells from MS patients, favoring switch to Th1 phenotype. Gain-of-function experiments with these micro-RNAs enhanced the encephalitogenic potential of myelin-specific T cells in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, while treatment with specific oligonucleotide miRNA inhibitors reverted to normal Th2 shift. These data further clarified the role of these miRNAs in MS pathogenesis and suggested a therapeutic strategy based on miR suppression by selected inhibitors.
