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**Chapter 5** 

© 2012 Faraj and Salem, licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2012 Faraj and Salem, licensee InTech. This is a paper distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2012 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution,

**C-Reactive Protein** 

Moneer Faraj and Nihaya Salem

polysaccharide of pneumococcus [1].

**2. Molecular structure of CRP** 

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/47735

**1. Introduction** 

[4][5][6][7].

response [8].

IL6//interleukin-6

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

C- reactive protein (CRP) was so named because it was first discovered as a substance in the serum of patients with acute inflammation that reacted with the C- (capsular)

Discovered by *Tillett* and *Francis* in 1930[2], it was initially thought that CRP might be a pathogenic secretion as it was elevated in people with a variety of illnesses including cancer [3], however, the discovery of hepatic synthesis demonstrated that it is a native protein

CRP is phylogenetically a highly conserved plasma protein, with homolog in vertebrates and many invertebrates that participates in the systemic response to inflammation. Its plasma concentration increases during inflammatory states, a character that has long been employed for clinical purposes. CRP is a pattern recognition molecule, binding to specific molecular configurations that are typically exposed during cell death or found on the surfaces of pathogens. Its rapid increase in synthesis within hours after tissue injury or infection suggests that it contributes to host defense and that it is part of the innate immune

Entrez Gene summary for CRP the protein encoded by this gene belongs to the pentaxin family. It is involved in several host defense related functions based on its ability to recognize foreign pathogens and damaged cells of the host and to initiate their elimination by interacting with humoral and cellular effector systems in the blood. Consequently, the level of this protein in plasma increases greatly during acute phase response to tissue injury, infection, or other inflammatory stimuli[12]. It is induced by IL1/interleukin-1 and

and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

