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**Author details** 

**6. References** 

448

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S. Druyan

development of the physiological syndrome – ascites.

system's capacity to satisfy the O2 needs. This non-steady-state situation leads to the

Following exposure to AIC of birds from various backgrounds, birds that manifested AS were found to differ significantly from their healthy counterparts, in traits that were measured after initiation of the various AIC protocols, e.g., RV:TV ratio, hematocrit, erythrocyte counts, SaO2, heart rate, weight gain (WG). These differences are consistent with findings of numerous reports; they represent changes in secondary manifestations of AS and, therefore, could be useful in diagnosis of birds that are developing AS, but not in

Only Druyan's lines that were divergently selected for AS were found to differ significantly in heart rate during the first week of life, when reared under standard brooding conditions (SBCs). Heart rate was significantly higher in the AS-S line than the AS-R line, but before the manifestation of the syndrome no such differences were found between the sick and healthy birds from commercial flocks that were kept under SBCs. Therefore, it appears that higher heart rate cannot be used as a general indicator to identify AS-susceptible broiler chicks.

It is expected that the problem of AS will be solved by genetic eradication of the alleles for AS susceptibility. However, manifestation of AS by genetically susceptible individuals depends on environmental conditions as well as genetic variation in growth rate. Therefore genomic information is required for effective integration of selection against AS

*Department of Poultry and Aquaculture Science, ARO, the Volcani Center, Bet-Dagan, Israel* 

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**Chapter 14** 

© 2012 Yamashita, licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2012 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution,

© 2012 Yamashita, licensee InTech. This is a paper distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

**The Effects of the Far-Infrared Ray (FIR)** 

The power of the energy radiated from any material is dependent on the temperature. For example, the sun with the temperature of 6,000°C at the surface and ~15,000,000°C at the depths radiates the radio-magnetic ray with from the weak to the strong energy. The radiomagnetic ray with strong energy is absorbed before the arrives at the surface of the earth. But, if a human bathe in the ultraviolet ray even if it arrives only about 0.6% of whole ultraviolet ray radiated by the sun, the surface of skin is burned and strongly damaged. If the cell is poured the large quantities of ultraviolet ray, the DNA of nuclear is injured to induce a liver spot, freckles and aging of skin. Still more, it is thought that the immunity is inhibited and a cataract and a skin cancer can be induced by the ultraviolet ray. It was thought that the sunlight arrived at the surface of earth was finally composed of the ultraviolet ray (UVA, UVB) of 6%, the visible ray of 52% and the infrared ray of 42%. It was well known that the energy of these lights bring a lots of the good effects for living bodies. The other sides, the materials on the earth we are living radiated the narrow range of energy

In other words, thought the radiating energy on the earth creating a life was only FIR of 5~50**μ**m by getting the energy of visual ray and FIR, the earth was filled with the energy of only FIR of narrow range. It was means that the energy of FIR may make contribution to the birth of a life. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) reported which ray indispensable for the maintenance of the life was FIR of 4~20**μ**m as the artificial sun in the space station. Therefore, it comes to a conclusion that the FIR is the raising ray for the living body (Fig.1). Recently, there have been many studies of the effects of FIR on health and food preservation. The available evidence indicates that whole-body FIR irradiation has

and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

from 5 to 50**μ**m in FIR under 30°C by getting the energy of sunlight.

**Energy Radiation on Living Body** 

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

Kikuji Yamashita

**1. Introduction** 

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/36005

**1.1. A far infrared ray (FIR) energy** 

[190] Tona K, Kemps B, Bruggeman V, Bamelis F, De Smit L, Onagbesan O, De Baerdemaeker J, Decuypere E (2005) Comparison of three lines of broiler breeders differing in ascites susceptibility or growth rate. 1. Relationship between acoustic resonance data and embryonic or hatching parameters. Poult. Sci. 84: 1439–1445.

**Chapter 14** 
