**2. The characteristics of rhyolite**

In order to study strictly the effects of the energy of FIR in 4~20**μ**m on the living body, the radiating machine of the energy of FIR should be developed. In order to develop it, the selection of a good FIR radiator were started at first. The most noticeable effect of FIR energy radiation was the activation of water molecules. The change of the weight of the ultrapure water on the FIR ceramics containing the five natural stones, 4 chemical products of mineral oxide and charcoal was exactly measured with time at 37°C. Though it was made clear that some natural stones activated the evaporation of pure water, the rhyolite especially strongly activated. Then, the rhyolite (MATERA Inc. Toon, Ehime, Japan) mined at Toon, Ehime in Shikoku Island was selected as the FIR radiation ceramics for the development of the radiating machine of the energy of FIR (Fig.2). The characteristic of rhyolite was the volcanic rock containing 70% over silicate dioxide with the flowing patterns formed by the phenocryst of magma (Fig.2). Though the components are the quartz, feldspar and biotite, the rhyolite is similar the granite. When the FIR energy radiated from the rhyolite was measured by Fourier transformed infrared spectrophotometer, it was made clear that the rhyolite was radiated 90% over the ideal black body at whole range of 5~20μm (Fig.3). It was proved that the rhyolite was the excellent radiator of FIR energy of 5~20μm.

The Effects of the Far-Infrared Ray (FIR) Energy Radiation on Living Body 273

**Figure 2.** The photograph of the rhyolite

272 Blood Cell – An Overview of Studies in Hematology

biological effects [1-7]. Whole-body FIR irradiation is believed to improve human health and sleep by enhancing blood circulation in the skin [1, 2]. However, the effects of FIR on cells are not clearly understood. These thinking let me realize that there are a lot of natural materials radiating strongly the energy of FIR as a charcoal, stone, soil and tree. So, these

natural materials were being used for our studies on the energy of FIR.

**Figure 1.** The classes of the electromagnetic wave by the wave length μm

proved that the rhyolite was the excellent radiator of FIR energy of 5~20μm.

In order to study strictly the effects of the energy of FIR in 4~20**μ**m on the living body, the radiating machine of the energy of FIR should be developed. In order to develop it, the selection of a good FIR radiator were started at first. The most noticeable effect of FIR energy radiation was the activation of water molecules. The change of the weight of the ultrapure water on the FIR ceramics containing the five natural stones, 4 chemical products of mineral oxide and charcoal was exactly measured with time at 37°C. Though it was made clear that some natural stones activated the evaporation of pure water, the rhyolite especially strongly activated. Then, the rhyolite (MATERA Inc. Toon, Ehime, Japan) mined at Toon, Ehime in Shikoku Island was selected as the FIR radiation ceramics for the development of the radiating machine of the energy of FIR (Fig.2). The characteristic of rhyolite was the volcanic rock containing 70% over silicate dioxide with the flowing patterns formed by the phenocryst of magma (Fig.2). Though the components are the quartz, feldspar and biotite, the rhyolite is similar the granite. When the FIR energy radiated from the rhyolite was measured by Fourier transformed infrared spectrophotometer, it was made clear that the rhyolite was radiated 90% over the ideal black body at whole range of 5~20μm (Fig.3). It was

**2. The characteristics of rhyolite** 

**Figure 3.** The radiation energy of the far infrared ray from the radiator

The powder of rhyolite showed the antibacterial action to the Staphylococcus aureus ATCC6538P at 1/5012. The adhesive sheet with the 15% powder of rhyolite showed at 1/1995. Still more, the paint containg the 10 % powder of rhyolite showed the antibacterial action to the Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus MRSAIID 1677 at 1/5012.

The values of antibacterial action of the materials containing rhyolite are respectively 3.7, 3.3 and 3.2. Though the values of antibacterial action over 2.0 was estimated as the antibacterial substance, the rhyolite was regarded to be the fairly mighty the antibacterial substance. Still more, the antibacterial action of rhyolite to the colon bacillus was verified in neutral condition at our laboratory also (Fig.4, Table 1). These results suggested that the antibacterial action of rhyolite did not depend on the change of pH. This graph showed the effects of rhyolite on the oxidation-reduction potential of water (Fig.5).

The Effects of the Far-Infrared Ray (FIR) Energy Radiation on Living Body 275

**Figure 5.** The change of the oxidation-reduction potential affected by the rhyolite. The oxidationreduction potential (The longitudinal axis shows ORP, mv) decreased depending on the contents of the

Though the oxidation-reduction potential of tap water is about 550, it decreased with time to be about 280 after 48 hours. When the powder of rhyolite was put into tap water at 0.1%, 1%, 5%, the oxidation-reduction potential of tap water decreased respectively up to 480, 340 and 220. Then, it decreased with time up to about 130 after 24 hours. It was thought that the high oxidation-reduction potential of the tap water caused by the residual chlorine. The reason why the oxidation-reduction potential of the tap decreased with time might be that the hypochlorous acid in tap water evaporated as the gas of chlorine with time. The oxidation-reduction potential decreased in the dependent upon the density of the rhyolite powder. It was thought that the reason was by the elution of any reducing agent from rhyolite. The small amounts of any elements with oxidative reaction were left in the ultrapure water. Therefore, the small amounts of rhyolite powder could reduce the most of oxidizers in the ultrapure water. The mighty oxidative powers of the residual chlorine attack the cell membrane of a microorganism and a virus to degenerate the inner protein and show the germicidal and disinfectant effects. It was thought that the reducer generally do not show a mighty antibacterial effect. Why the rhyolite shows the mighty antibacterial effects? Then, the 500g of rhyolite powder was put into 1l of ultrapure water. After keeping 18hours, the supernatant of the water was collected and filtrated with the filtering paper. Still more, the filtrate was centrifuged at

**Ultrapure water Tap water Concentration of rhyolite %** 

rhyolite(The transverse axis shows %) after 0.5-48h.

**Oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) mv** 


**Table 1.** The chemical analysis of the rhyolite treated water

**Figure 4.** The effect of the rhyolite on Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli (DH50) were cultured for 16 hours in the sterilized pure water, the water containing the rhyolite and the water containing 0.1% rhyolite powder. The proliferation of the Escherichia coli inhibited at 15.6% in the water containing the rhyolite and 69.9% in the water containing 0.1% rhyolite powder.

**Biochemical oxygen demand** 

**Escherichia coli group number** 

**mg/1**

**MPN/100ml**

The values of antibacterial action of the materials containing rhyolite are respectively 3.7, 3.3 and 3.2. Though the values of antibacterial action over 2.0 was estimated as the antibacterial substance, the rhyolite was regarded to be the fairly mighty the antibacterial substance. Still more, the antibacterial action of rhyolite to the colon bacillus was verified in neutral condition at our laboratory also (Fig.4, Table 1). These results suggested that the antibacterial action of rhyolite did not depend on the change of pH. This graph showed the

> **treated with the powder of rhyolite**

**Chemical Oxygen Demand mg/1** 3.4 3.9 3.9

**Suspended solids** 12 10 8

**Dissolved Oxygen** 9 8.9 9.1

**Conductivity** 18.6 19.5 19

**Figure 4.** The effect of the rhyolite on Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli (DH50) were cultured for 16 hours in the sterilized pure water, the water containing the rhyolite and the water containing 0.1% rhyolite powder. The proliferation of the Escherichia coli inhibited at 15.6% in the water containing the

**The water treated with the stone of rhyolite**

2.1 2.4 2.4

0 2200 14000

**Control**

effects of rhyolite on the oxidation-reduction potential of water (Fig.5).

**Item The water** 

**Table 1.** The chemical analysis of the rhyolite treated water

rhyolite and 69.9% in the water containing 0.1% rhyolite powder.

**Figure 5.** The change of the oxidation-reduction potential affected by the rhyolite. The oxidationreduction potential (The longitudinal axis shows ORP, mv) decreased depending on the contents of the rhyolite(The transverse axis shows %) after 0.5-48h.

Though the oxidation-reduction potential of tap water is about 550, it decreased with time to be about 280 after 48 hours. When the powder of rhyolite was put into tap water at 0.1%, 1%, 5%, the oxidation-reduction potential of tap water decreased respectively up to 480, 340 and 220. Then, it decreased with time up to about 130 after 24 hours. It was thought that the high oxidation-reduction potential of the tap water caused by the residual chlorine. The reason why the oxidation-reduction potential of the tap decreased with time might be that the hypochlorous acid in tap water evaporated as the gas of chlorine with time. The oxidation-reduction potential decreased in the dependent upon the density of the rhyolite powder. It was thought that the reason was by the elution of any reducing agent from rhyolite. The small amounts of any elements with oxidative reaction were left in the ultrapure water. Therefore, the small amounts of rhyolite powder could reduce the most of oxidizers in the ultrapure water. The mighty oxidative powers of the residual chlorine attack the cell membrane of a microorganism and a virus to degenerate the inner protein and show the germicidal and disinfectant effects. It was thought that the reducer generally do not show a mighty antibacterial effect. Why the rhyolite shows the mighty antibacterial effects? Then, the 500g of rhyolite powder was put into 1l of ultrapure water. After keeping 18hours, the supernatant of the water was collected and filtrated with the filtering paper. Still more, the filtrate was centrifuged at

3000rpm for 10min. The supernatant of 600ml dried at 200°C for 5 hours up to get 13.4mg of white precipitates. The precipitates were analyzed by the x ray diffraction and the electron-micro analyzer. The results showed that the precipitates mainly consist of calcium and silicon (Fig.6). As the rhyolite contained 70% over silicate, the results suggested that the ceramics structure consist of silicate oxide should disintegrate. Then, the silicate radical molecule containing an additional electron could be formed. It was thought that the radical molecules are so active that the bacterium el.al was contacted to collapse the cell membrane with an antibacterial action. Though the mechanism to form the silicate radical molecule was not clear, the antibacterial effects of the rhyolite containing the 70% over silica were the experimental facts.

The Effects of the Far-Infrared Ray (FIR) Energy Radiation on Living Body 277

of heat loss, the equipment of incubator becomes solid and heavy. Then, 0.5% CO2 gas need be supply into the incubator to activate the culture cell breathing. Still more, the gas of 0.5% CO2 in air must be supplied though the water layer in order to keep the humidity near 100%. So, we remodel the existing CO2 incubator. The heating system was changed to FIR panel heater for keeping the temperature in the incubator at 37±0.5°C. The five face at up, down, both side and behind in the incubator except the front glass were coated with the valid ceramics as the rhyolite and the pureblack close to black body for raising the efficiency of FIR radiation. The all shelves were also coated with the same ceramics. Still more, the water jacket was change to the simple insulation, because the FIR energy directly and instantly heats the surface of objects even if the air and space lie between the surface of incubator and the objects. As a result, the light and compact CO2 incubator that can continuously radiate the FIR energy for 24hours was developed with a great success (Fig.7) [8]. So, the strict comparative experiments on the effect of the FIR energy radiation on the culture cells become possible utilizing the same type of CO2 incubator without remodeling

Then, the FIR animal raising apparatus with same FIR radiating system of the FIR CO2 incubator to control the temperature inside 20-40°C at will and break down any smell chemical products by photo-degradation with the light catalyst of TiO2 could be also developed (Fig.8). The FIR animal raising apparatus has the two chambers which the upper chamber is coated with the valid ceramics as the rhyolite and the lower chamber is no coating [9]. So, the strict comparative experiments on the effect of FIR energy radiation on

animals become also possible by using the FIR animal raising apparatus.

as control.

**Figure 7.** The FIR CO2 incubator

**Figure 6.** The analysis by the x ray diffraction of the components in the solution

#### **3. The development of the FIR energy radiator**

In order to clarify the effects of the FIR energy radiation on the living body at the rebel of a cell and animal, the FIR incubator for cell culture and animal raising apparatus was developed utilizing the valid ceramics as the rhyolite and the pureblack that the resemble effects as the ideal black body are well known.

The CO2 incubator must be exactly controlled the temperature inside of the incubator at 37±0.5°C. Therefore, though the water jacket of about 40litter is equipped for the suppression of heat loss, the equipment of incubator becomes solid and heavy. Then, 0.5% CO2 gas need be supply into the incubator to activate the culture cell breathing. Still more, the gas of 0.5% CO2 in air must be supplied though the water layer in order to keep the humidity near 100%. So, we remodel the existing CO2 incubator. The heating system was changed to FIR panel heater for keeping the temperature in the incubator at 37±0.5°C. The five face at up, down, both side and behind in the incubator except the front glass were coated with the valid ceramics as the rhyolite and the pureblack close to black body for raising the efficiency of FIR radiation. The all shelves were also coated with the same ceramics. Still more, the water jacket was change to the simple insulation, because the FIR energy directly and instantly heats the surface of objects even if the air and space lie between the surface of incubator and the objects. As a result, the light and compact CO2 incubator that can continuously radiate the FIR energy for 24hours was developed with a great success (Fig.7) [8]. So, the strict comparative experiments on the effect of the FIR energy radiation on the culture cells become possible utilizing the same type of CO2 incubator without remodeling as control.

**Figure 7.** The FIR CO2 incubator

276 Blood Cell – An Overview of Studies in Hematology

containing the 70% over silica were the experimental facts.

**Figure 6.** The analysis by the x ray diffraction of the components in the solution

In order to clarify the effects of the FIR energy radiation on the living body at the rebel of a cell and animal, the FIR incubator for cell culture and animal raising apparatus was developed utilizing the valid ceramics as the rhyolite and the pureblack that the resemble

The CO2 incubator must be exactly controlled the temperature inside of the incubator at 37±0.5°C. Therefore, though the water jacket of about 40litter is equipped for the suppression

**3. The development of the FIR energy radiator** 

effects as the ideal black body are well known.

3000rpm for 10min. The supernatant of 600ml dried at 200°C for 5 hours up to get 13.4mg of white precipitates. The precipitates were analyzed by the x ray diffraction and the electron-micro analyzer. The results showed that the precipitates mainly consist of calcium and silicon (Fig.6). As the rhyolite contained 70% over silicate, the results suggested that the ceramics structure consist of silicate oxide should disintegrate. Then, the silicate radical molecule containing an additional electron could be formed. It was thought that the radical molecules are so active that the bacterium el.al was contacted to collapse the cell membrane with an antibacterial action. Though the mechanism to form the silicate radical molecule was not clear, the antibacterial effects of the rhyolite

> Then, the FIR animal raising apparatus with same FIR radiating system of the FIR CO2 incubator to control the temperature inside 20-40°C at will and break down any smell chemical products by photo-degradation with the light catalyst of TiO2 could be also developed (Fig.8). The FIR animal raising apparatus has the two chambers which the upper chamber is coated with the valid ceramics as the rhyolite and the lower chamber is no coating [9]. So, the strict comparative experiments on the effect of FIR energy radiation on animals become also possible by using the FIR animal raising apparatus.

The Effects of the Far-Infrared Ray (FIR) Energy Radiation on Living Body 279

ion and impurity. The real water actually contained various impurities. Even if the very pure water is kept in air, the condition of water changes moment by moment by melting of a gas and molecules from air. Then, in order to estimate the present conditions of energy in the water, the change of the weight of water is exactly measured for the indicator of the volatility. When the difference of volatility between the tap water and the deionized water are compared, the deionized water is clearly volatilized more quickly

**Figure 9.** The change of the weight of the deionized water and the tap water

The high volatility means that a lot of water molecules spring out of the surface of water. Therefore, it is supposed that the energy of the water molecules is high and its cluster is small. This graph shows the change of weight of the deionized water radiated FIR energy through the grass layer by keeping in the FIR incubator for 12 hours and the untreated deionized water (Fig.10). Though the deionized water more quickly losses the weight than the tap water, the deionized water radiated FIR energy losses much bigger weight than the deionized water. In other words, it was made clear that the deionized water radiated FIR energy has high energy in the molecules to evaporate much easy. The results mean that the cluster of the water can become small by the FIR energy radiation. If that is the case, why the cluster formed by the water molecules changes by accepted the FIR energy? The water molecule consisting of two [O-H] bonds opening with 104°has three types of the vibration energies. One is the deformation vibration of 1594cm-1 and the others are the symmetrical and asymmetrical expansion and contraction energy of each 3656 cm-1 and 3756 cm-1. When the energy were convert to the wave length, the deformation vibration is 6.27μm and the expansion and contraction energy are 2.74μm and 2.66μm [10]. If the FIR energy of 5~20μm radiated the water molecules, the deformation vibration of the water molecule was activated by the transmission of the energy through the resonance effect because the energy of deformation vibration was coincident with the radiating energy. Consequently, it was thought that the kinetic energy

than the tap water (Fig.9).

**Figure 8.** The FIR animal raising apparatus
