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**Section 3** 

**Thyroid Hormone Excess** 


**Section 3** 

**Thyroid Hormone Excess** 

156 Thyroid Hormone

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**Chapter 6** 

© 2012 Agrawal et al., licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2012 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution,

**Thyroid Hormone Excess:** 

N.K. Agrawal, Ved Prakash and Manuj Sharma

The various causes of thyrotoxicosis are listed below in table 1

clinical features of thyrotoxicosis are listed below in table 2.

Thyroid hormone excess due to any cause is state of thyrotoxicosis, whereas hyperthyroidism is a state of thyroid hormone excess due to hyperfunctioning of thyroid gland. The major causes of thyrotoxicosis include Graves' disease, solitary toxic adenoma, and toxic multinodular goiter. In thyrotoxicosis, free hormone levels are invariably increased. The reverse is not true in that increased free thyroid hormone levels do not always point to thyrotoxicosis. In illness or resistance to thyroid hormones increased free hormone levels are present while the patients are clinically euthyroid or even sometimes hypothyroid. Subclinical thyrotoxicosis is defined as a state in which free thyroid homones (FT4 & FT3) are within normal limit, but serum TSH level is low. The most common cause of subclinical thyrotoxicosis is exogenous administration of thyroid hormone rather than Graves' disease. Patients of subclinical thyrotoxicosis either have no symptoms or have mild

Clinical manifestations of the thyrotoxicosis are similar for various causes of thyrotoxicosis. However certain features provide some clues about specific cause of throtoxicosis. These features include the duration and mode of onset of thyrotoxicosis, size and shape of the thyroid gland, presence or absence of the extra-thyroidal manifestations like Graves' eye sign, pre-tibial myxoedema, acropachy. Patient presenting with toxic features can be because of thyroiditis or Graves' disease, but the symptoms are of few weeks duration in former while in later condition, it is for several months, most of the time. The common

and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

**Graves' Disease** 

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/47864

**1. Introduction** 

non specific symptoms.

**1.1. Clinical features** 

**Chapter 6** 
