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**Section 5** 

**Thyroid Hormone in Special Situations** 


**Thyroid Hormone in Special Situations** 

210 Thyroid Hormone

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**Chapter 8** 

© 2012 Luvizotto et al., licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2012 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution,

**Obesity and Weight Loss: The Influence of** 

The primary function of adipose tissue is storing energy in triacylglycerol (TG) form, neutralizing the excess of circulating lipids and saving non-adipose tissues of a fat overload. Under normal conditions, in the postprandial state, there is lipogenic endocrine system stimulation, allowing that positive energy balance can be stored as TG in adipose tissue, a process called lipogenesis. In contrast, the mobilization of fat in adipocytes occurs through the hydrolysis of TG by hormone sensitive lipase (HSL), a phenomenon called lipolysis. At the center of this interface - lipolysis and lipogenesis - is the insulin hormone, which exerts a potent inhibitory role on the HSL, allowing lower rates of lipolysis and hence, highest fat mass [1]. However, adipose tissue is not only a passive stock organ of triacylglycerol, being currently recognized as an endocrine organ with multiple functions [1, 2]. Produces several biologically active substances called adipokines, among them tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1), interleukin-6 (IL-6), leptin, resistin and adiponectin. These substances actively participate in, among others, body energy regulation, mainly, by endocrine, paracrine and autocrine signals, which allow the adipocyte play a metabolic role in other

However, in obesity there is an imbalance in adipokines production, a fact which, together with the inability to store fat in the adipocytes, results in a process of adipose tissue dysfunction [6], a known risk factor for developing obesity-associated metabolic disorders [1, 2, 6]. This fact occurs because the adipocytes (hypertrophic and hyperactive) initiates the production of adipokines and chemotactic factors (such as MCP-1), which attract macrophages into the adipose tissue [7]. Consequently there is a synergistic interaction on

and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

**Thyroid Hormone on Adipokines** 

Renata de Azevedo Melo Luvizotto, Sandro José Conde, Miriane de Oliveira, Maria Teresa De Sibio, Keize Nagamati Jr

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

and Célia Regina Nogueira

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/46179

**1. Introduction** 

tissues [3-5].

**Chapter 8** 
