**Acknowledgement**

I would like to thank D. C. Adams, A. Alejandrino, J. P. Chong, A. Kaliontzopoulou and C. P. Ceballos for comments on this chapter. I also thank the United States National Science Foundation for financial support through the Graduate Research Fellowship DGE0751279.

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**Chapter 2** 

© 2013 Romero-López and Morón, licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is

© 2013 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution,

Outstanding structural differences between males and females of many species of beetles have been described by naturalist and scientists during the last 200 years. Most part of such

and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

properly cited.

**2. Sexual dimorphism in Coleoptera** 

**Sexual Dimorphism in Antennae** 

**of Mexican Species of** *Phyllophaga* 

Angel Alonso Romero-López and Miguel Angel Morón

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/55313

**1. Introduction** 

**(Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Melolonthidae)** 

Sexual dimorphism in body, antennae, lamellae and chemosensilla types of some Mexican species of *Phyllophaga* are recorded. In *Phyllophaga obsoleta* and *Phyllophaga ravida* the male's body is slightly larger than the female's, and its antennae and lamellae are longer than the females. Meanwhile, in *Phyllophaga opaca* the body and its antennae and lamellae of the males are very similar in size than the females. The external morphology of sensilla on the antennae has been described using scanning electron microscopy. The antennal club of these beetles consists of three terminal plates: proximal, middle, and distal lamellae. In all these species, the main sensilla types were identified on the internal and external surfaces of lamellae from both sexes: placodea (PLAS), auricilica (AUS), basiconica (BAS), coeloconica (COS), trichodea (TRS), and chaetica (CHS). The first four types have been considered as chemosensilla and the last two as mechanoreceptor sensilla. For *P. opaca*, fifteen types of chemosensilla were found: four types of PLAS (I, II, III and VIII), four types of AUS (I, II, III and IV), five types of BAS (I, II, III, IV and V), and two types of COS (I and III). This is very similar to that observed in *P. ravida* and therefore it is suggested that these data can relate to the taxonomy of the genus *Phyllophaga*, since both species belong to the same subgenus. To give continuity to this type of comparative studies with other Mexican species of Melolonthidae to complement the information on the phylogeny of the group, is necessary in addition to their chemical communication, information about their sexual dimorphism phocused on antennal micro-morphology, genital structure, and reproductive behavior.

