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136 Sexual Dimorphism

sex hormones may be the cause.

*Showa University School of Medicine, Japan* 

Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan.

**Author details** 

Hiroshi Moriyama

**5. References** 

**Acknowledgement** 

Laryngol 102:660–665

Jpn 72:185–190

male specimens of the greater splanchnic and lesser splanchnic nerve (*P* < 0.05; Table 1). These findings do not explain why there is a significant sex difference in the incidence of autonomic dysfunction. Therefore, the morphology of autonomic neurons may not be the cause of sex differences in the incidence of autonomic dysfunction and other factors such as

We thank Ms. Ikuko Moriyama for assistance in preparing the manuscript. This work was supported by a Grant-in-aid for Scientific Research B14370007 from the Ministry of

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*Edited by Hiroshi Moriyama*

Sexual Dimorphism- Various biological studies on the subject of sex differences have been published. The subjects of these studies are not only humans, but also other mammals, birds, amphibians, insects, extending to ostracoda in the Paleozoic era. Moreover, original methods in individual studies have been used. This book provides convincing reasons which explain sex differences. The book also shows that, even if considered that some living things do not have sex differences, in reality they do. The somewhat different data on sex differences in this book will offer new ideas not only to life scientists and biologists, but social and cultural scientists as well.

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Sexual Dimorphism

Sexual Dimorphism