**Acknowledgement**

This research was supported by Ontario Ginseng Research & Innovation Consortium (OGRIC) funded by the Ministry of Research & Innovation, Ontario Research Funded Research Excellence program for the project 'New Technologies for Ginseng Agriculture and Product Development'(RE02-049 awarded to EMK Lui). We acknowledge the contribution of PolyAnalytik London Ontario, Canada in providing instrument for the gel permeation chromatography analysis of ginseng extracts.

## **8. References**


[8] Sevag M G, Lackman D B, Smolens J (1938). The isolation of the components of streptococcal nucleoproteins in serologically active form. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 124, 425–436.

532 The Complex World of Polysaccharides

*Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,* 

*Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering,* 

This research was supported by Ontario Ginseng Research & Innovation Consortium (OGRIC) funded by the Ministry of Research & Innovation, Ontario Research Funded Research Excellence program for the project 'New Technologies for Ginseng Agriculture and Product Development'(RE02-049 awarded to EMK Lui). We acknowledge the contribution of PolyAnalytik London Ontario, Canada in providing instrument for the gel permeation

[1] Attele AS, Wu JA, Yuan CS (1999) Ginseng Pharmacology; Multiple Constituents and

[2] Sun Y (2011) Structure and Biological Activities of the Polysaccharides from the Leaves, Roots and Fruits of *Panax ginseng* C.A. Meyer: An Overview. Carbohyd. polym. 85: 490-

[3] Assinewe VA, Arnason JT, Aubry A, Mullin J, Lemaire I (2002): Extractable Polysaccharides of *Panax quinquefolius* L. (North American ginseng) Root Stimulate

[4] Biondo PD, Goruk S, Ruth MR, O'Connell E, Field CJ (2008) Effect of CVT-E002™ (COLD-fX®) Versus a Ginsenoside Extract on Systemic and Gut-Associated Immune

[5] Predy GN, Goel V, Lovlin RE, Basu TK (2006) Immune Modulating Effects of Daily Supplementation of COLD-FX (a Proprietary Extract of North American Ginseng) in

[6] Azike CG, Charpentier PA, Hou J, Pei H, Lui EMK. (2011). The Yin and Yang actions of North American ginseng root in modulating the immune function of macrophages Chin

[7] Wang M, Guilbert LJ, Li J, Wu Y, Pang P, Basu TK, Shan JJ (2004) A Proprietary Extract from North American Ginseng (*Panax quinquefolium*) Enhances IL-2 and IFN-gamma Productions in Murine Spleen Cells Induced by Con-A. Int. immunopharmacol. 4:311–

TNF-α Production by Alveolar Macrophages. Phytomedicine 9:398–404.

*Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa Ontario, Canada* 

*University of Western Ontario, London Ontario, Canada* 

*Ontario Ginseng Innovation and Research Consortium,* 

*University of Western Ontario, London Ontario, Canada* 

chromatography analysis of ginseng extracts.

Multiple Actions. Biochem. pharmacol. 58:1685–1693.

Function. Int. immunopharmacol. 8:1134–1142.

Healthy Adults. J Clin Biochem Nutr 39: 162-167.

Ahmad A. Romeh

Sherif J. Kaldas

Paul A. Charpentier

**Acknowledgement** 

**8. References** 

499.

Med. 6, 1-12.

315.


oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expressions through inactivation of nuclear factor-kappaB in RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. Cancer Lett, 205:23-29.


**Chapter 20** 
