**6. References**


<sup>\*</sup> Corresponding Author

[6] Miyazaki Y, Glass L, Triplitt C, Wajcberg E, Mandarino LJ, DeFronzo RA (2002) Abdominal fat distribution and peripheral and hepatic insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 283: E1135- E1143.

484 Lipoproteins – Role in Health and Diseases

restore the endothelial vasomotor function.

antioxidants in inhibiting LDL oxidation.

**Author details** 

Andriy L. Zagayko\*

**6. References** 

844-857.

Corresponding Author

 \*

Biophys Acta. 1537: 204-210.

grade grapes because of the uric acid content changes.

 , Anna B. Kravchenko, Mykhaylo V. Voloshchenko and Oxana A. Krasilnikova

*Biochemistry Department, National University of Pharmacy, Kharkiv, Ukraine* 

lipoprotein in inflammation. Trends Cardiovasc Med. 15:158-161.

rabbits fed a high-cholesterol diet. Lab. Anim Res. 28: 39-46

artery disease. Coron. Artery Dis. 2:167-173.

"Enoant" (from grape of "Cabernet" grade) and "Polyphen" (from grape of "Rkatsiteli" grade) produced by the National Institute of Grape and Wine "Magarach" has been proven. Our results also confirmed the high effectiveness of the antioxidant complexes from grapes in the correction of the endothelial dysfunction, thus, including these extracts in the treatment schemes is very reasonable. As it would be expected from our observations, increasing the antioxidant oxidant defense by antioxidant supplementation has the ability to

An important question to be asked is whether the polyphenol antioxidants exerted their inhibitory effect on lesion progression only because of their antioxidant properties or, possibly,

However, further studies, especially in humans, are required to validate the role of these

Nevertheless, there are some limitations in the use of the concentrates produced from red

[1] Navab M, Anantharamaiah GM, Fogelman AM (2005) The role of high-density

[2] Carvalho MD, Vendrame CM, Ketelhuth DF, Yamashiro-Kanashiro EH, Goto H, Gidlund M (2010) High-density lipoprotein inhibits the uptake of modified low- density lipoprotein and the expression of CD36 and FcgammaRI. J. Atheroscler. Thromb. 17:

[3] Mumby S, Koh TW, Pepper JR, Gutteridge JM (2001) Risk of iron overload is decreased in beating heart coronary artery surgery compared to conventional bypass. Biochim

[4] Park D, Kyung J, Kim D, Hwang SY, Choi EK, Kim YB (2012) Antihypercholesterolemic and anti-atherosclerotic effects of polarized-light therapy in

[5] Kang MK, Chang HJ, Kim YJ, Park AR, Park S, Jang Y, Chung N (2012) Prevalence and determinants of coronary artery disease in first-degree relatives of premature coronary

because of additional biological properties, in particular – the phytoestrogen activity.



[37] Dallinga-Thie GM, Franssen R, Mooij HL, Visser ME, Hassing HC, Peelman F, Kastelein JJ, Péterfy M, Nieuwdorp M (2010) The metabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins revisited: new players, new insight. Atherosclerosis. 211: 1-8.

486 Lipoproteins – Role in Health and Diseases

1103.

13087.

*Invest.*;119:110–124.

Des. 17: 27-37.

343-347.

[22] Makarova OP, Saperova MA, Skurupiy VA (2010) Lipid peroxidation in the liver and

[23] Gao H, Zhou YW (2005) Anti-lipid peroxidation and protection of liver mitochondria

[24] Stacewicz-Sapuntzakis M, Bowen PE, Kikendall JW, Burgess M (1987) Simultaneous determination of serum retinol and various carotinoids: their distribution in middle-age

[25] Cahill L, Corey P, El-Sohemy A (2009) Vitamin C deficiency in a population of young

[26] MacKness B, Mackness MI, Durrington PN, Arrol S, Evans AE, McMaster D, Ferrières J, Ruidavets JB, Williams NR, Howard AN (2000) Paraoxonase activity in two healthy populations with differing rates of coronary heart disease. Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 30: 4–10. [27] Idris CA, Sundram K (2002) Effect of dietary cholesterol, trans and saturated fatty acids on serum lipoproteins in non-human primates. Asia Pac J. Clin. Nutr. 7:S408- S415. [28] Pulinilkunnil T, Abrahani A, Varghese J, Chan N, Tang I, Ghosh S, Kulpa J, Allard M, Brownsey R, Rodrigues B (2003) Evidence for rapid "metabolic switching" through lipoprotein lipase occupation of endothelial-binding sites. J. Mol. Cell Cardiol. 35: 1093-

[29] Basford JE, Wancata L, Hofmann SM, Silva RA, Davidson WS, Howles PN, Hui DY (2011) Hepatic deficiency of low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 reduces high density lipoprotein secretion and plasma levels in mice. J. Biol. Chem. 286: 13079-

[30] Kanda T, Brown JD, Orasanu G, Vogel S, Gonzalez FJ (2009) PPARgamma in the endothelium regulates metabolic responses to high-fat diet in mice. *J Clin* 

[31] Belaïd-Nouira Y, Bakhta H, Bouaziz M, Flehi-Slim I, Haouas Z, Ben Cheikh H (2012) Study of lipid profile and parieto-temporal lipid peroxidation in AlCl3 mediated

[33] Tsimikas S, Miller YI (2011) Oxidative modification of lipoproteins: mechanisms, role in inflammation and potential clinical applications in cardiovascular disease. Curr. Pharm.

[34] Tani S, Saito Y, Anazawa T, Kawamata H, Furuya S, Takahashi H, Iida K, Matsumoto M, Washio T, Kumabe N, Nagao K, Hirayama A (2011) Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol/apolipoprotein B ratio may be a useful index that differs in statin-treated patients with and without coronary artery disease: a case control study. Int Heart J. 52:

[35] Perona JS, Avella M, Botham KM, Ruiz-Gutierrez V (2008) Differential modulation of hepatic very low-density lipoprotein secretion by triacylglycerol-rich lipoproteins

[36] Subramanian S, Chait A (2012) Hypertriglyceridemia secondary to obesity and diabetes.

derived from different oleic-acid rich dietary oils. Br. J. Nutr. 99: 29-36.

neurotoxicity. modulatory effect of fenugreek seeds. Lipids Health Dis. 11: 16-26. [32] Dubé JB, Boffa MB, Hegele RA, Koschinsky ML (2012) Lipoprotein(a): more interesting

than ever after 50 years. Curr. Opin. Lipidol. 23:133-140.

Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1821: 819-825

lungs in SiO(2)-induced granulomatosis. Bull. Exp. Biol. Med. 149: 702-705.

against injuries by picroside II. World J. Gastroenterol. 11: 3671-3674.

men and women. J. Micronutr. Anal. 3: 27-33.

Canadian adults. Am. J. Epidemiol. 170: 464–471.

