**Acknowledgement**

The authors are grateful from FONDECYT, FONDEF and INNOVA-Chile the support of their research.

#### **10. References**

16 Lipid Metabolism

**9. Conclusions** 

**Author details** 

Rodrigo Valenzuela B.

Alfonso Valenzuela B.

**Acknowledgement** 

their research.

the health or illness of an individual.

*University of Los Andes, Santiago Chile* 

**Figure 9.** Structure of cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene and cholesterol

Lipids are a large and wide group of molecules that are present in all living organism and also in foods and characterized by particular physicochemical properties, such as their non polarity and their solubility in organic solvents. Some lipids, in particular fatty acids and sterols, are essential for animal and plant life. Lipids are key elements in the structure, biochemistry, physiology, and nutritional status of an individual, because are involved in: i) the cellular structure; ii) the cellular energy reserve, iii) the formation of regulatory metabolites, and; iv) in the regulation and gene expression, which directly affects the functioning of the body. Another important aspect related to lipids is their important involvement, either in the treatment and/or the origin of many diseases which can affect humans. Structural and functional characteristics of lipids, discussed in this chapter, will allow you to integrate those metabolic aspects of these important and essential molecules in close relationship of how foods containing these molecules can have a relevant influence in

*Nutrition and Dietetics School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago Chile* 

*Lipid Center, Nutrition and Food Technology Institute, University of Chile, Faculty of Medicine,* 

The authors are grateful from FONDECYT, FONDEF and INNOVA-Chile the support of

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**Section 2** 

**Molecular Aspects of Lipid Metabolism** 


**Molecular Aspects of Lipid Metabolism** 

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**Chapter 2** 

© 2013 Borza et al., licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2013 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution,

**Oxidative Stress and Lipid Peroxidation –** 

Claudia Borza, Danina Muntean, Cristina Dehelean, Germaine Săvoiu,

Free radicals are chemical compounds with unpaired electron(s), therefore being considered very active molecules. The cells had developed their own antioxidant defence systems in order to prevent the free radicals synthesis and to limit their toxic effects. These systems consist of enzymes which breakdown the peroxides, enzymes which bind transitional metals or compounds which are considered scavengers of the free radicals. Reactive species oxidize the biomolecules that will further elicit tissue injury and cell death. Evaluation of free radicals involvement in pathology is rather difficult due to their

Homolytic cleavage of a covalent bond of a molecule, each fragment retaining one

. . X: Y X + Y

. - A A + e


and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

**A Lipid Metabolism Dysfunction** 

Corina Şerban, Georgeta Simu, Mihaiela Andoni,

**2. Biochemistry of reactive oxygen species (ROS)** 

Free radicals can be formed by three mechanisms:

Loss by a molecule of a single electron

Addition by a molecule of a single electron

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

Marius Butur and Simona Drăgan

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/51627

**1. Introduction** 

short life time.

electron

**Chapter 2** 
