**Acknowledgement**

Fang Hu is supported by National Key Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) 2012CB524900, National Science Foundation of China (NSFC) grant 31071921, and NSFC grant 81170783. Yuanda Song is supported by NSFC grant 81071685, Open Project Program of State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University (SKLF-TS-201101), and starting grant from Jiangnan University.

### **6. References**


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**Author details** 

*Changsha, China* 

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*State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Jiangsu, China* 

Fang Hu is supported by National Key Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) 2012CB524900, National Science Foundation of China (NSFC) grant 31071921, and NSFC grant 81170783. Yuanda Song is supported by NSFC grant 81071685, Open Project Program of State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University

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**Chapter 10** 

© 2013 Latour et al., licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2013 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution,

**Impacts of Nutrition and Environmental** 

Mediation of nutrition and environmental stressors through hormonal and physiological responses alters growth performance and lipid metabolism in nonruminants, resulting in substantial impacts on carcass lipid quality. Understanding and managing the factors that control carcass fat quality is a challenge for the swine industry yet provides opportunities to improve final carcass quality and profitability of pork production. Three major contributors to lipid quality in swine are regulation of *de novo* lipogenesis, dietary lipid composition, and environmental stressors. This chapter will evaluate these contributors and their effects on

In general, the fatty acid profiles of swine carcass lipids are reflective of dietary fatty acid composition and *de novo* lipogenesis. The level of unsaturation in dietary fat sources is mimicked in the carcass fatty acid profile, altering the lipid firmness by increasing the degree of unsaturation. Stress has also been shown to impact growth performance, and can have an impact on the swine industry both by altering growth performance and carcass lipid firmness. Fatty acids synthesized *de novo* are products of pathways tightly regulated by rate-limiting enzymes. Nutritional and hormonal regulators of the enzymes which regulate

The first step in *de novo* lipogenesis is the generation of the main fatty acid subunit, malonyl-CoA. The production of malonyl-CoA from acetyl-CoA is catalyzed by acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC; EC 6.4.1.2) [1]. Acetyl-CoA is a single polypeptide chain which contains a biotin carboxyl carrier protein, biotin carboxylase, and carboxyl transferase domains [2, 3]. Acetyl-CoA is present as ACCα (~265 kDa) in liver and adipose tissue and catalyzes fatty

and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

lipid deposition and quality, as well as nutritional and managerial interventions.

these pathways can alter rates in lipid synthesis, oxidation, and desaturation.

**Stressors on Lipid Metabolism** 

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/51204

**2. De novo lipogenesis** 

**1. Introduction** 

Heather M. White, Brian T. Richert and Mickey A. Latour


**Chapter 10** 
