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**Chapter 16** 

© 2013 Kolomiets et al., licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2013 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution,

and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

**Jasmonate Biosynthesis, Perception** 

**and Function in Plant Development** 

Yuanxin Yan, Eli Borrego and Michael V. Kolomiets

The oxidation products of unsaturated fatty acids are collectively known as oxylipins. These compounds represent a highly diverse group of substances that are involved in a number of developmental processes and various stress responses in plants (Andersson et al., 2006). Plant oxylipins can be formed enzymatically, by initial oxidation by lipoxygenases (LOXs) or α-dioxygenases (α-DOXs); however, non-enzymatic autoxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) also contribute to oxylipin formation in plant (Göbel and Feussner, 2009). An array of these substances are known to exert protective activities either as signaling molecules in plants during development, wounding, and insect and pathogen attack, or direct anti-microbial substance that are toxic to the invader. Despite the recent progress in deciphering the function of some oxylipins, the role of the vast majority of plant oxylipins remains unclear. Particularly well studied examples of the plant oxylipins are jasmonates (JAs) including jasmonic acid (JA) and its derivatives such as methyl jasmonate (MeJA), *cis*jasmone, jasmonoyl isoleucine (JA-Ile), jasmonoyl ACC (JA-ACC) and several other metabolites. Another important group of plant oxylipins is green leaf volatiles (GLV). Increasing evidence supports GLVs function in defense responses against herbivore. GLVs are C6 aldehydes, alcohols, and their esters formed through the hydroperoxide lyase (HPL) pathway downstream of LOXs. GLV can further trigger local and systemic volatile organic compounds (VOC) emissions upon insect feeding (Farag and Paré, 2002). A large number of VOC including monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes and carotenoid-type compounds can be biosynthesized in plants from the shikimic, lipidic and terpenic pathways (Fons et al., 2010). Most VOCs are not products of the LOX pathway but similar to LOX derivatives serve as signals for insects to choose a suitable host or to lay eggs (Müller and Hilker, 2001). The third better studied group of plant oxylipins is phytoprostanes, a category of non-

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**and Stress Responses** 

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/52675

**1. Introduction** 
