**Author details**

Berta Domènech, Julio Bastos-Arrieta, Amanda Alonso, Maria Muñoz and Dmitri N. Muraviev *Analytical Chemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain* 

Jorge Macanás *Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain* 

#### **7. References**

66 Ion Exchange Technologies

disinfection, catalysis and some others.

properties of MNPs immobilized inside the matrix.

development of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology.

Berta Domènech, Julio Bastos-Arrieta, Amanda Alonso, Maria Muñoz

*Analytical Chemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Autonomous University of Barcelona,* 

*Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain* 

their practical applications.

simple magnetic traps.

**Author details** 

*Barcelona, Spain*  Jorge Macanás

and Dmitri N. Muraviev

3. It has been shown that the use of, for example, anionic reducing agents (e.g., borohydride) for the synthesis of PSMNPs by using IMS coupled with Donnan effect in both cation exchange and anion exchange matrices results in their formation mainly near the surface of the polymer. This type of MNP distribution is favorable for many practical applications of polymer–metal nanocomposites such as reagent-free water

4. The general properties of polymer-metal nanocomposite are not determined only by the properties of the MNPs. The formation of MNPs within the polymer matrices may strongly modify the polymer morphology, for example due to the appearance of nanoporosity in gel-type polymers, which enhances the rate of mass transfer inside the nanocomposites as well as some other structural parameters of great importance in

The polymer matrix also serves as the MNPs stabilizing media preventing their aggregation and release to the medium under treatment. The functional properties of the nanocomposites (e.g., catalytic or bactericide) are mainly determined by the

5. The repetitive metal-loading-reduction (in case of cation exchangers) or reducer-loadingmetal-reduction (in case of anion exchangers) permits to synthesize MNPs of core-shell or

6. Finally, the last and the most important in our opinion conclusion concern the general strategy in the development of novel nanocomposite materials. This strategy has to be focused not only on the desired properties of material, which is dictated by its further practical applications, but also on the material safety in both environmental and human health senses. The last point seems to be of particular importance for the further

For example, the IMS of core shell PSMNPs consisting of superparamagnetic cores coated with functional shells having for example, catalytic or bactericide properties provides the polymer–metal nanocomposites with additional advantages. In the case of catalytic applications, the nanocomposite can be easily recovered from the reaction mixture and reused. In water treatment applications, the magnetic nature of MNPs permits for preventing their uncontrollable escape into the treated water by using

even more complex structure provided with additional functional properties.


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