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**Chapter 12** 

© 2012 Santero et al., licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2012 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution,

**Glutamate Dehydrogenases:** 

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

described in some organisms, as we will see below.

**Figure 1.** Reaction catalysed by glutamate dehydrogenase

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/47767

**1. Introduction** 

**Enzymology, Physiological Role** 

**and Biotechnological Relevance** 

Eduardo Santero, Ana B. Hervás, Ines Canosa and Fernando Govantes

Glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) is present in all domains of life and is one of the most extensively studied enzymes at the biochemical and structural levels. These enzymes are generally reversible and catalyse either the reductive amination of 2-oxoglutarate (2-OG) to yield glutamate using NAD(P) as a cofactor, or the oxidative deamination of glutamate [1] (Fig. 1). Because of the reaction it catalyses, the main role of GDH is glutamate catabolism and ammonium assimilation. However, other physiological roles for GDH have been

The synthesis of both glutamate and glutamine are key steps in the cell metabolism in all organisms, because they represent the only means of incorporating inorganic nitrogen into carbon backbones. Inorganic nitrogen is assimilated in the form of ammonium, which is incorporated as an amino group to glutamate or an amido group to glutamine. These amino acids in turn act as amino group donors for the synthesis of most nitrogen-containing compounds in the cell. In particular, the amino group of glutamate is used in the synthesis

and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

