*5.1.2. Characteristics near to flip bifurcation*

Before the flip bifurcation the converter has a stable fixed point or T-periodic orbit. After the flip bifurcation the T-periodic orbit is unstable and the converter has a stable 2T-periodic orbit. Successive flip bifurcations and border-collision bifurcations are presented until the chaos formation. More details can be found in [2], [4], [15]. An illustrative example is shown in figure 10 (*a*).
