**Apendix**

## **Mix proportions**


**Table 7.** Mix proportions for determination of optimum level of replacement slag


404 Heat Treatment – Conventional and Novel Applications

**4.2. Recommendations for future works** 

used in this study to be generalized.

No Mix name OPC

activation method.

**Apendix** 

**Mix proportions**

mortars at 40% and 50% OPC replacement with slag are power equations. A relationship exists between the compressive strength of the specimens cured in air under room temperature and water for OPC-slag mortar at 40% and 50% OPC replacement with slag at 3 days, but not at 7 days. Generally, comparison of OPC mortars heated in water bath or oven showed that water bath heat treatment gave better results than those of oven heated. It was also observed that the specimens gave higher strengths in air under room temperature compared to water curing after heating in the water bath at 60 ºC for a duration of 20 hours. This is a significant finding with a major advantage in construction and is also economic since water bath heating can be practically implemented. However, oven heated pre-curing,

results in higher strengths whenever the specimens are cured in water after heating.

Among the mixes prepared by using different levels of OPC replacement with slag, mixtures with 50% ggbfs and 50% OPC show the highest strength in the absence of any

Based on the extra work done in this research by use of "mining sand" instead of "silica sand", it was revealed that using mining sand is preferable to silica sands for activation of

In this study a single source of ggbfs was used throughout. It is recognized that other sources may have somewhat different chemical compositions. Thus other sources of the material need to be evaluated in order to determine the influence of the activation methods

> Slag (g)

1 OM-wc 1200 0 225 40 421.11 2 OSM/10-wc 1080 120 225 68 421.11 3 OSM/20-wc 960 240 220 65 421.11 4 OSM/30-wc 840 360 220 60 421.11 5 OSM/35-wc 780 420 230 40 421.11 6 OSM/40-wc 720 480 210 48 421.11 7 OSM/45-wc 660 540 235 40 421.11 8 OSM/50-wc 600 600 235 40 421.11 9 OSM/60-wc 480 720 220 35 421.11 10 OSM/70-wc 360 840 230 35 421.11 11 OSM/80-wc 240 960 225 33 421.11 12 OSM/90-wc 120 1080 220 27 421.11 13 SM-wc 0 1200 220 30 421.11

Flow (mm) SP (g) Water (g)

slag mortars, thus it is suggested to conduct a new study using mining sand.

(g)

**Table 7.** Mix proportions for determination of optimum level of replacement slag

**Notes**: OSMs/50= OPC-slag mortars for 50% replacement with slag, OMs= OPC mortars, SP= super plasticizer, ac= cured in air under room temperature, wc= water cured.

**Table 8.** Mix proportions of OPC-slag mortars for thermal activation method

## **Abbreviations**


Using "Heat Treatment" Method for Activation of OPC-Slag Mortars 407

**Abbreviation Statement** CaCO3 calcite C3A.3CaSO4.32H2O ettringite C3A.CaSO4.13H2O imonosulphate C2ASH8 gehlenite hydrate M6.Al2CO3 (OH)16. 4H2O hydrotalcite Ca2SiO4.H2O α- C2SH

and in water at 25 - 26 °С.

*Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz Branch, Ahvaz, Iran* 

*ASTM C270*. USA: American Concrete Institute

*Construction and Building Materials 23*(1), 6.

cement concretes. *Construction and Building Materials 24*(3), 7.

American Concrete Institute

**Author details** 

Fathollah Sajedi

**5. References** 

*Eng, CE 27*(2).

Canada.

*60*(1), 25.

**H-3 sets mix** is a control mix, which the specimens were first made and demoulded 24 hours after casting, and then heated at 60 °С for 20 hours and finally, cured in three curing

**H-4 sets mix** is a control mix, which the specimens were first made and demoulded 24 hours after casting, and then pre-cured without and with the use of heat at 60 °С for 14 hours and finally, each set of specimens was cured in both curing regimes, i.e. at room temperature

ACI. (2001). Guide to Curing Concrete, Reported by ACI Committee 308, *ACI 308R-01*. USA:

ACI. (2006). Standard Specification for Mortar for Unit Masonry, Annual Book of Standards,

Ahmed, S. F. U., Ohama, Y., & Demura, K. (1999). Comparison of mechanical properties and durability of mortar modified by silica fume and finely ground balst furnace slag. *J Civ* 

Al-Gahtani, A. S. (2010). Effect of curing methods on the properties of plain and blended

Barnett, S. J., Soutsos, M. N., Millard, S. G., & Bungey, J. H. (2006). Strength development of mortars containing GGBFS: Effect of curing temperature and determination of apparent Bougara, A., Lynsdale, C., & Ezziane, K. (2009). Activation of Algerian slag in mortars.

Brooks, J. J., & Al-kaisi, A. F. (1990). Early strength development of Portland and slag

Fu, Y. (1996). *Delayed ettringite formation in Portland cement products.* University of Ottawa,

Hanson, J. A. (1963). Optimum steam curing procedures in precasting plants. *ACI Mater J,* 

cement concretes cured at elevated temperatures. *ACI Mater J, 87*(5), 5. Carino, N. J. (1984). The Maturity Method: Theory and Application. *CCA, 6*(2), 13.

regimes, i.e. at room temperature, in water at 25 - 26 °С, and in water at 32 °С.


**H-3 sets mix** is a control mix, which the specimens were first made and demoulded 24 hours after casting, and then heated at 60 °С for 20 hours and finally, cured in three curing regimes, i.e. at room temperature, in water at 25 - 26 °С, and in water at 32 °С.

**H-4 sets mix** is a control mix, which the specimens were first made and demoulded 24 hours after casting, and then pre-cured without and with the use of heat at 60 °С for 14 hours and finally, each set of specimens was cured in both curing regimes, i.e. at room temperature and in water at 25 - 26 °С.
