**Author details**

Daniel Vázquez-Moliní, Antonio Álvarez Fernández-Balbuena and Berta García-Fernández *Dept. of Optics, School of Optics, University Complutense of Madrid, Spain* 

#### **8. References**

178 Dielectric Material

cut of the film.

layer itself.

**Author details** 

position of the light ray.

by image processing is small with regard to the size of the prism structure. The prism are calculated to have an angle of 89.88º and the diameter of the curved region obtained in the prism´s peak is 27.56 µm, this result could be affected by the pressure exerted to make the

Dielectric prismatic guides have a high quality output flux regarding standard light guides based on specular material. Specific shapes such as a circular cross section show a soft increase in flux transmission, with the extent of the improvement dependent on the input

When input light is in the admitted angle the prismatic light guides have a higher transmission in the entire spectrum than the reflective guides and their spectral efficiency is more constant. There is a downward trend in short wavelength in aluminum guide energy

Prismatic light guides turn out to be more robust in lighting quality maintenance than the aluminum guides, which are efficient but only capable of maintaining light quality distances lower than 5 meters. Cylindrical light guides have a 2% higher efficiency than rectangular although the rectangular shape could be more convenient in office buildings due to the

In this study, the authors propose an innovative 3D hollow prismatic CPC (PCPC) working in reverse mode and made of a dielectric material, which has a high efficiency compared with aluminium CPC (ACPC). Transportation of daylight over longer distances requires an optimized collector, the PCPC is an appropriate design for natural light systems like skylights and collector guiding systems since it has properties as collimator to catch the light and to direct it and transport it long distances from a remote source with little attenuation. The hollow PCPC has an entrance pupil that is small compared to the exit pupil depending on the design angle. This CPC design accepts light in 2 entering the entrance pupil and redirecting it in the CPC design angle. This new concept is made of a prismatic structure film; this dielectric layer accepts light not only in the entrance pupil but also through the

The results obtained shows that measured PCPC efficiency compared with standard aluminum is 600% higher at 85º incidence angle, a medium value of 300% increase is obtained in the range from 0 to 85º. There is a clear profit for incidence angles ranging from 0 º to 35 º, though it is necessary to improve the efficiency for the higher incidence angles.

The design of big structures in buildings is easier with this new system because of the minor weight of the plastic material which can be conformed in independent parts and

Daniel Vázquez-Moliní, Antonio Álvarez Fernández-Balbuena and Berta García-Fernández

development in moulding fabrication can improve the cost of the system.

*Dept. of Optics, School of Optics, University Complutense of Madrid, Spain* 

due to the spectral reflectance characteristics of the material.

occupied space and construction constraints.


Winston, R. (1975). Development of the compound parabolic collector for photo-thermal and photo-voltaic applications *Proceedings of the Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers*. Optics in Solar Energy Utilization, 68: 136-44.

**Chapter 8** 

© 2012 Tran et al., licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2012 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution,

Based on Kalpakjian's Manufacturing Engineering and Technology, annealing is a general term used to describe the restoration of a cold-worked or heat-treated metal or alloy to its original properties, such as to increase elongation rate and reduce hardness and strength, or

and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

**Effect of Dielectric in a Plasma** 

N.D. Tran , N. Harada, T. Sasaki and T. Kikuchi

equivalent circuit model is used to analyze the effect of dielectric.

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/50594

**1. Introduction** 

**1.1. Annealing** 

**Annealing System at Atmospheric Pressure** 

Thin metallic wire is widely used in electrical, electronic and automobile technology. It is, however, necessary to anneal and clean the copper wire after drawing. The traditional manufacturing process of fine wire consists of three processes: drawing, annealing and cleaning as shown in Figure 1 and 2 [1]. These processes use Joule heating and chemicals to anneal and clean the wire [2-4]. However, this method has some drawbacks: low efficiency due to the division of the annealing and cleaning processes and environmentally harmful because of using chemical to clean thin wire, for example, Tri-chloethane, it is hazardous to human body and has ozone layer effect. The new annealing system in which the annealing and cleaning processes are simultaneously operated in Atmospheric Pressure Dielectric-Barrier Discharge (APDBD) [5-9] is the potential solution for these drawbacks. In previous studied, it is shown that wire annealing [10, 11] and cleaning [12] using APDBD is totally possible. Also, our previous studies showed that annealing using APDBD is possible for thin copper wire [13], [14] however; the annealing efficiency is low due to choosing the material, size and shape of the dielectric, discharge gas, applied power,... In this study, the efficiency of dielectric material on the annealing and cleaning results was investigated. It is, however, the dielectric material and the dielectric size are the first two important parameters need to be investigated. Moreover, the efficiency of the frequency and the applied voltage of the applied power in the dielectric permittivity were also investigated. To clarify these dependences, an

