**Acknowledgement**

The authors would like to thank the following cooperating companies for the financial and organizational support of the entire project: N-ERGIE AG (Germany), N-ERGIE Netz GmbH (Germany), N-ERGIE Service GmbH (Germany), Bayerische Kabelwerke AG (Germany).

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**Chapter 12** 

© 2012 Prokopenko et al., licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2012 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution,

**Electromechanical Control over Effective** 

**Permittivity Used for Microwave Devices** 

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/50584

to fundamental physical reason.

millimetre wave range.

used to describe other devices as well.

**1. Introduction** 

Yuriy Prokopenko, Yuriy Poplavko, Victor Kazmirenko and Irina Golubeva

Ferroelectrics are well known tunable dielectric materials. Permittivity of these materials can be controlled by an applied electrical bias field. Controllable permittivity leads to alteration of characteristics of tunable microwave components such as propagation constants, resonant frequency etc. However, dielectric losses in the ferroelectric-type tunable components are comparatively high and show substantial increase approaching to the millimetre waves due

Alternative way to achieve controllability of characteristics in tunable microwave devices is mechanical reconfiguration. In this case the alteration of microwave characteristics can be attained by displacement of dielectric or metallic parts of devices. Mechanical tuning is very promising to produce low insertion loss combined with good tunability in microwave subsystems. In the case of ferroelectric technique of tuning, microwaves interact with the ferroelectric material which is a part of microwave line. That is why transmitted energy is partially absorbed by this material. On the contrary, mechanical system of control is located out of microwave propagation route so it does not contribute to the microwave loss. Moreover, it will be shown that dielectric losses have a trend to reduce in such devices. Mechanical control is valid at any frequency range, including

Transformation of microwave characteristics could be described in terms of medium's effective dielectric permittivity (*eff*). Effective dielectric permittivity of inhomogeneous medium can be defined as dielectric permittivity of homogeneous medium, which brings numerically the same macro parameters to the system of the same geometrical configuration. Effective permittivity is convenient parameter to describe devices with TEM wave propagating, where propagation constant is proportional to *eff* , however it can be

and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

