**Quantitative Biomechanics**

170 Injury and Skeletal Biomechanics

166.

[59] Nielsen J, Bisgård C, Arendt-Nielsen L, Jensen TS. Quantification of Cerebellar Ataxia in Movements of the Hand. In*: Biomechanics*, Seminar 8, Göteburg, Sweden, 1994; p157-

[60] Weiss PL, Hunter IW, Kearney RE. Human Ankle Joint Stiffness Over the Full Range of

Muscle Activation Levels. *J. Biomechanics,* 1988;21: 539-544.

**Chapter 10** 

© 2012 Tonar et al., licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2012 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution,

**Correlating Micro-CT Imaging** 

Anna Králíčková, Milena Králíčková and Zbyněk Tonar

Tomáš Gregor, Petra Kochová, Lada Eberlová, Lukáš Nedorost, Eva Prosecká, Václav Liška, Hynek Mírka, David Kachlík, Ivan Pirner, Petr Zimmermann,

Advanced biomechanical models of biological tissues should be based on statistical morphometry of tissue architecture. A quantitative description of the microscopic properties of real tissue samples is an advantage when devising computer models that are statistically similar to biological tissues in physiological or pathological conditions. The recent development of X-ray microtomography (micro-CT) has introduced resolution similar to that of routine histology. The aim of this chapter is to review and discuss both automatic image processing and interactive, unbiased stereological tools available for micro-CT scans and histological micrographs. We will demonstrate the practical usability of micro-CT in two different types of three-dimensional (3-D) *ex vivo* samples: (i) bone scaffolds used in

This chapter covers the basic principles of micro-CT. *Ex vivo* specimens are typically placed on a rotating stage between the X-ray source and the microscope objective, which is followed by a detector (Fig. 1). For high resolution imaging, the sample size must be reduced to a minimum. The dimensions should not exceed 500-1000 times the resolution limit required. In large samples, the X-rays must penetrate more material, which results in a

Certain devices operate with geometrical magnification only, in which the resolution increases with the distance between the sample and the detector. Unfortunately, increased geometrical magnification can result in blurriness, depending on the X-ray source spot size.

and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

**with Quantitative Histology** 

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

tissue engineering and (ii) microvascular corrosion casts.

lower photon count and increased exposure time.

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/48680

**2. Principles of micro-CT** 

**1. Introduction** 
