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**Chapter 7** 

© 2012 Goswami et al., licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2012 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution,

**Cervical Spinal Injuries and Risk Assessment** 

As of mid 2001, out of the 34000 spinal injuries that took place in the previous year, over half (55%) were cervical spine injuries [18]. Additionally, out of all the cervical spinal injuries incurred by patients in the United States every year, 15% of those injuries are fatal [7]. Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of death for persons under 45 years of age, and the number one cause of head and spinal cord injury [1]. This study compiles and analyzes data

The cervical spine is a very complex anatomical structure. Any neck injury can have debilitating, and sometimes life threatening consequences. Although spinal cord injuries vary significantly from the injuries of the vertebral column, they result from structural deformities and were therefore studied prior to this analysis [21]. For both spinal cord injuries and vertebral body fractures, motor vehicle accidents are the most common causes of neck injuries in both Canada and the United States (Figure 1). Out of the 1.4 million annual American spinal cord injuries, approximately 280,000 of those are motor vehicle induced. One out of every five drivers are involved in a traffic accident each year [1]. Figure 1 illustrates the most common mechanisms for cervical spine injuries. Another interesting aspect is the increase in violence, which in turn could impact the number of violence related

Sports and leisure activities account for a significant amount of neck trauma. They can be broken down by both the activities most likely to cause injury, as well as the injuries accounted for in specific sports. Understanding what particular actions and motions within each activity actually contribute to the risk of injury, has helped improve sporting equipment and decrease the number of neck injuries associated with various sports. Table 1 lists the most common leisure activities associated with neck injuries [20]. Diving and surfing involve more injuries than football (Table 1). This is most probably because football

and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

has grown in popularity since 1989, when this data was originally compiled.

Mary E. Blackmore, Tarun Goswami and Carol Chancey

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

that may be used to assess risk of cervical injury.

spinal injuries and incidents (shooting, stabbing, etc.) [21].

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/50588

**1. Introduction** 

