**3.3.5 Transplantation with mechanic methods**

There are some models developed for digging, removing and transferring of plants. In a model called "Tree Nursery", carriage of plant can be done with an articulated lorry or truck. Plants are wrapped and hydro alkali booster four scoops are stuck on the ground; after shaping the root ball, the bottom of the plant is lifted with the scoops and moved out of the soil. If the weather is proper and the distance is not very long, the plant can be carried vertically or can be bended toward the front and carrying can be done. Pits in which plants will be put should be dug beforehand. Planting should be done by taking the slope and the shape of the ground into consideration (Harris, 1983).

The second method used in plant transplantation is called "Skin with Cohesive". This skin is made of a scoop and there are sharp parts on the tips. This sharp part is installed before starting to dig the plant and locked. Transplantations that are done with this method is applicable for big sized plants. Tree nursery technique is preferred for smaller sized plants (Harris, 1983).

The third method is making a hole by digging the plant roots with one scoop and removing the root balls. Scoops are clamped together and the root ball is lifted with crane. Each of the scoops are for digging soil. There are two kinds of curved scoops; 80 cm. and 200 cm. the weight of device is totally 115 kg. Compressor that works with tractor or mobile gas produces hydraulic power. Scoops are numbered according to their usage methods (Turhan, 1994).

Functions of tree lifting are (Harris, 1983):


Private Plantation Techniques 341

the circle (Anonymous 2012 d). Single body palms are piled on Lorries and treys and carried. Palms that have wide and many stems should be laid on truck haulage and be tied

Newly planted palms should be irrigated very well in the first season. They should be irrigated slowly, twice in a week for 8 hours during the first two months, after that period, they should be irrigated once in a week for 12 hours. This process can be carried out in well drained soil. Fronds of newly planted palms pale especially because of alkali soil, cold weather or due to the lack of manganese or iron. This is why; necessary mineral elements

Transplantation processes of large trees in Campus of Bartn University were analyzed in this study. The aim of this study was to ensure a modern appearance and qualification to Campus of Bartn University in terms of plantal arrangement. A commission was formed by Deanship of Faculty of Forestry. Necessary literature review and field analysis studies were done by the commission and some alternative projects were prepared. At the end of the meeting with deanship, the most proper project in terms of practicability and cost was chosen. The chosen project was detailed and prepared for application. Mechanic tree mover was rented from Karabük Municipality. The project was applied on May 2004 and

**Material:** Faculty of Forestry has been put into service on 1993-94 academic years. Campus was built at Gaffar district, Ağdac Village, Bartn approximately 5.5 km distanced from city center on 1.14 hectare land. 900 m village road on Bartn-Kozcağz highway was used for

*Pinus pinea* L. plantation in Boğaz district situated in Bartn Central Forestry Operation Directorate was the area on which working area existed; transplantation process, removal and plantation of trees were carried out on this area. Application area, plantation, was an inclined land on the right side of campus entrance, situated at the north of library building

Campus's map section in 1/500 scaled base map was used in order to draw the project and determine the definite boundaries of application area; digital camera was used in order to

Determination of the area on which transplantation will be done in the campus,

with one stem in order to increase stability and the width of the load (Harris, 1988).

**4. Transplantation of trees in campus of Bartn University (case study)** 

transplantation of 10 plants that were of 6 species was completed.

in Faculty of Forestry. The area was approximately 450 m².

view the sections of transplantation process in the area.

Determination of plants which will be transplanted,

 Digging of the pit in which plants will be placed, Completing removal and transfer processes of plants,

Making land survey. Within this scope:

**Method:** The method used in this study can be summarized as:

 Determination of area's map section on 1/500 scaled base map, Transferring present plan from paper map sheet to computer ,

 Preparing projects of the area on which transplantation will be done, Renting mechanic tree mover and preparation of necessary equipment,

going to the campus.

and fertilizers should be added into the soil (Harris, 1988).

Tree removing and planting machine is made of 2 strong lifter arms connected to truck frame, digging knife unit, hydraulic system etc. hydraulic pump is provided by the vehicle to which the machine will be connected. Rotary digging knife unit is connected to lifting arms and can be controlled while working, transferring in vertical position and horizontally. Digging knife unit is made of at least four knives which are arranged around the knife frame. The number of knives can vary according to the aspects of vehicle. The unit is openable and closable; knives can be pushed downwards and can be pulled back upwards (Harris, 1983).

#### **3.4 Transplantation of palms**

Palms are monocotyledon and they have either one body or many bodies that are not branched out. Any damages on the body leave a scar as cambium shell doesn't exist. Most of the bodies of palm species are in the shape of filaments that grow at the bottom of body. If a root is cut or broken, the plant generally dies. Although palms can be transplanted at any time of year, warm spring and summer months are generally preferred as root growth is fast in these months (Harris, 1988). Transplantation in our country should be made in summer because of climatic conditions; transplanted palms' roots die during the process and soil heat is needed in order to ensure the development of new roots. According to the research in Mediterranean Region, it was determined that transplantations should be done on April, May and June; and if there is not a chance to make transplantation in these months, then the period between September-November should be the second choice (Anonymous 2012 d).

Before carrying palm fronds (each one of pieces that constitute the crusty structure of tree body), leaving 6 or 8 per body pruning is a general rule as each body has an eye and it should be protected. Annuluses of leaves besides the eye are generally separated in order to prevent from the pressure in eye when fronds are tied. Less leaves are suggested for urgent transplantation of palms. Long sticks should be tied to body in order to support palms that have long thin bodies (*Phoenix redinata* Jacq. Fragm. and *Acoelorrhaphe wrightii* (Griseb. & H. Wendl.) (Himelick, 1981).

Plantation of palms is similar with the other trees. Planting pit is dug wider than the root ball. Crumbled stones that are removed from the pit are used for refilling. Palm should sit on the palm pit which is very important for palms as they have curved body. Palms should be put in 75-125 mm deeper than their original position in order to prevent development of new root. Many kinds of mixtures can be used in filling the planting pit such as sand and soil with vegetal mixture. These soils should be around the root and be irritated very well (Harris, 1988). Leaves on shoot should be tied around the leaf that grown the latest in a way to protect the leaf (Anonymous 2012 d).

In order to ensure immobility, palm should be tied with steel topes but nails or screws shouldn't be stuck into the body. Protector bars that are placed around the body protect them from stuck (Harris, 1988). If the bottom part of body moves, thin roots that newly develop split and the plant cannot grow. In order to prevent this, palm body thickness should be measured and metal circle should be prepared; then, this circle should be mounted onto the body and the tree should be set from 4 sides. Steel circle is made of 2 hemicycles that can be affixed on 1/3 bottom part of the tree. These hemicycles are connected to one another with two screws. Additionally, 4 ringers for setting steel rope on

Tree removing and planting machine is made of 2 strong lifter arms connected to truck frame, digging knife unit, hydraulic system etc. hydraulic pump is provided by the vehicle to which the machine will be connected. Rotary digging knife unit is connected to lifting arms and can be controlled while working, transferring in vertical position and horizontally. Digging knife unit is made of at least four knives which are arranged around the knife frame. The number of knives can vary according to the aspects of vehicle. The unit is openable and closable; knives can be pushed downwards and can be pulled back upwards

Palms are monocotyledon and they have either one body or many bodies that are not branched out. Any damages on the body leave a scar as cambium shell doesn't exist. Most of the bodies of palm species are in the shape of filaments that grow at the bottom of body. If a root is cut or broken, the plant generally dies. Although palms can be transplanted at any time of year, warm spring and summer months are generally preferred as root growth is fast in these months (Harris, 1988). Transplantation in our country should be made in summer because of climatic conditions; transplanted palms' roots die during the process and soil heat is needed in order to ensure the development of new roots. According to the research in Mediterranean Region, it was determined that transplantations should be done on April, May and June; and if there is not a chance to make transplantation in these months, then the period between September-November should be the second choice (Anonymous 2012 d).

Before carrying palm fronds (each one of pieces that constitute the crusty structure of tree body), leaving 6 or 8 per body pruning is a general rule as each body has an eye and it should be protected. Annuluses of leaves besides the eye are generally separated in order to prevent from the pressure in eye when fronds are tied. Less leaves are suggested for urgent transplantation of palms. Long sticks should be tied to body in order to support palms that have long thin bodies (*Phoenix redinata* Jacq. Fragm. and *Acoelorrhaphe wrightii* (Griseb. & H.

Plantation of palms is similar with the other trees. Planting pit is dug wider than the root ball. Crumbled stones that are removed from the pit are used for refilling. Palm should sit on the palm pit which is very important for palms as they have curved body. Palms should be put in 75-125 mm deeper than their original position in order to prevent development of new root. Many kinds of mixtures can be used in filling the planting pit such as sand and soil with vegetal mixture. These soils should be around the root and be irritated very well (Harris, 1988). Leaves on shoot should be tied around the leaf that grown the latest in a way

In order to ensure immobility, palm should be tied with steel topes but nails or screws shouldn't be stuck into the body. Protector bars that are placed around the body protect them from stuck (Harris, 1988). If the bottom part of body moves, thin roots that newly develop split and the plant cannot grow. In order to prevent this, palm body thickness should be measured and metal circle should be prepared; then, this circle should be mounted onto the body and the tree should be set from 4 sides. Steel circle is made of 2 hemicycles that can be affixed on 1/3 bottom part of the tree. These hemicycles are connected to one another with two screws. Additionally, 4 ringers for setting steel rope on

(Harris, 1983).

**3.4 Transplantation of palms** 

Wendl.) (Himelick, 1981).

to protect the leaf (Anonymous 2012 d).

the circle (Anonymous 2012 d). Single body palms are piled on Lorries and treys and carried. Palms that have wide and many stems should be laid on truck haulage and be tied with one stem in order to increase stability and the width of the load (Harris, 1988).

Newly planted palms should be irrigated very well in the first season. They should be irrigated slowly, twice in a week for 8 hours during the first two months, after that period, they should be irrigated once in a week for 12 hours. This process can be carried out in well drained soil. Fronds of newly planted palms pale especially because of alkali soil, cold weather or due to the lack of manganese or iron. This is why; necessary mineral elements and fertilizers should be added into the soil (Harris, 1988).
