**2.2.1 SWOT analysis**

The SWOT analysis was conducted to determine the tourism planning and management strategies regarding the natural and cultural landscape values (Kelkit et al. 2005; Ozturk Kurtaslan and Demirel, 2011; Kiper et. al. 2011). The data used in the SWOT analysis were obtained through interviews with the mayor, district governor, employees of public institutions and inhabitants, previous studies conducted in the region or in similar areas, the relevant literature and professional experience, field surveys and in site observations.

Local Residents' Perceptions of and Attitudes

**2.2.2 Questionnaire design and implementation** 

was used to determine the sample size (Atc, 2012).

formed the basis for the questionnaire forms.



people.



Total number of questions was 31.

Toward Sustainable Tourism Planning and Management in Amasra (Turkey) 181

The studies of Kapuci (2004), Pereira et al. (2005), Yaslioglu (2007), and Cengiz et al. (2012)

According to Daniel and Terrell (1995) the following formula, applied for finite populations,

2

2 2 Z xNxpxq Nx D Z xpxq


<sup>n</sup><sup>≥</sup>

2

2 2 1.96 x6450x 0.5 x 0.5 6450x 0.10 1.96 x 0.5 x 0.5

> <sup>n</sup><sup>≥</sup> 6194.58 65.4604

n ≥ 95 According to this formula, the calculated value of ''n'' was 95. The questionnaire was presented by direct interviews to the local residents on weekdays and weekends within the period January-February 2011. The survey was conducted with 100 randomly selected

The questionnaire covered four issues: (i) personal information, (ii) local residents' attitudes toward tourism in Amasra, (iii) local residents' perspectives on the natural and cultural values of Amasra, (iv) local residents' expectations of and suggestions for tourism planning and management strategies. The first set of questions was designed to obtain information on demographic variables like gender, age, residence, educational level and occupation and was composed of nine questions. The second set of questions was composed of 12 questions aimed at determining the local residents' attitudes toward tourism, whereas the third set was composed of 5 questions on local residents' perspectives on the natural and cultural values of Amasra. The final set was composed of 5 questions about the local residents' expectations of and suggestions for the future tourism planning and management strategies.

The data obtained were analyzed by means of Microsoft Excel and the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 16. Contingency tables were constructed and multiple choice questions were analyzed using Chi-square test to measure independence between groups.

n ≥


values p and q were taken equal to each other and 50%)

Fig. 1. Geographical location and genereal views of Amasra.

#### **2.2.2 Questionnaire design and implementation**

The studies of Kapuci (2004), Pereira et al. (2005), Yaslioglu (2007), and Cengiz et al. (2012) formed the basis for the questionnaire forms.

According to Daniel and Terrell (1995) the following formula, applied for finite populations, was used to determine the sample size (Atc, 2012).

$$\mathbf{n} \ge \frac{\mathbf{Z}^2 \mathbf{x} \mathbf{Nx} \mathbf{p} \mathbf{x} \mathbf{q}}{\mathbf{Nx} \, \mathbf{D}^2 + \mathbf{Z}^2 \mathbf{x} \mathbf{p} \mathbf{x} \mathbf{q}}$$


180 Landscape Planning

Fig. 1. Geographical location and genereal views of Amasra.


$$\begin{aligned} \text{n} & \geq \frac{\left(1.96\right)^2 \text{x} 6450 \text{x} \left(0.5\right) \text{x} \left(0.5\right)}{6450 \text{x} \left(0.10\right)^2 + \left(1.96\right)^2 \text{x} \left(0.5\right) \text{x} \left(0.5\right)^2} \\\\ & \geq \frac{6194.58}{65.4604} \\\\ & \geq 95 \end{aligned}$$

According to this formula, the calculated value of ''n'' was 95. The questionnaire was presented by direct interviews to the local residents on weekdays and weekends within the period January-February 2011. The survey was conducted with 100 randomly selected people.

The questionnaire covered four issues: (i) personal information, (ii) local residents' attitudes toward tourism in Amasra, (iii) local residents' perspectives on the natural and cultural values of Amasra, (iv) local residents' expectations of and suggestions for tourism planning and management strategies. The first set of questions was designed to obtain information on demographic variables like gender, age, residence, educational level and occupation and was composed of nine questions. The second set of questions was composed of 12 questions aimed at determining the local residents' attitudes toward tourism, whereas the third set was composed of 5 questions on local residents' perspectives on the natural and cultural values of Amasra. The final set was composed of 5 questions about the local residents' expectations of and suggestions for the future tourism planning and management strategies. Total number of questions was 31.

The data obtained were analyzed by means of Microsoft Excel and the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 16. Contingency tables were constructed and multiple choice questions were analyzed using Chi-square test to measure independence between groups.

Local Residents' Perceptions of and Attitudes

 Employment opportunities in tourism for local residents Active Tourism Vocational School Accessibility through land, sea and

 Being on the current tour routes Table 1. SWOT analysis of Amasra.

**3.2.1 Socio-demographic structure** 

**Age**

**Education**

**Occupation**

**Income (TL)** 

Table 2. Socio-cultural information of the survey participants.

air travel

**3.2. Survey results** 

Toward Sustainable Tourism Planning and Management in Amasra (Turkey) 183

Table 2 demonstrates the socio-cultural information of the survey participants.

**Gender** Female <sup>49</sup>

Male 51

15-20 1 21-30 35 31-40 25 41-50 26 51-60 9 60+ 4

Illiterate 1 Elementary school 3 Secondary school 6 High school 30 University 60

Worker 6 Civil servant 48 Self-employed 19 Retired 7 Student 5 Housewife 4 Unemployed 3 Other 8

Less than 500 TL 3 500 – 750 10 750 - 1000 7 1000 - 1500 29 1500 - 2500 41 More than 2500 10

**Percent (%)**
