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**Chapter 7** 

© 2012 Arbiza et al., licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2012 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution,

**Uruguayan Pinnipeds (***Arctocephalus* 

*Mycobacterium pinnipedii* **Infections** 

**1.1. Location and general characteristics of the pinniped population** 

Uruguay has 450 km of shorelines along the La Plata River and 220 km along the Atlantic Ocean (MTOP-PNUD-UNESCO, 1980). Two species of Otariids breed and reproduce on Uruguayan Atlantic islands: the South American fur seal, *Arctocephalus australis* (Zimmermann, 1783) (Fig. 1), and the South American sea lion, *Otaria flavescens* (Shaw, 1800), (Fig. 2), (Ponce de León, 2000; Ponce de León & Pin 2006; Vaz-Ferreira, 1976, 1982). Both are polygynous, gregarious and show strong sexual dimorphism (Bartholomew, 1970). South American fur seal adult males reach lengths of 1.9 m and weigh from 120 kg to 200 kg, while females can reach 1.4 m long and weigh from 40 kg to 55 kg, and newborns can be from 0.4 m to 0.5 m long and weigh from 3.5 kg to 5.5 kg (Vaz-Ferreira, 1982). Sea lion males may reach 2.8 m and weigh up to 354 kg while adult females are much smaller, reaching up to 1.9 m long and weighing as much as 150.0 kg (Ponce de León, 2000). Newborns in this species are between 0.7 m and 0.9 m long and weigh from 10.0 kg to 17.0 kg (Cappozzo et al., 1994). A third pinniped species, the southern elephant seal *Mirounga leonina* (Fig. 3), is a frequent visitor of Uruguayan islands and shorelines, although its reproductive areas are located in Argentina. Elephant seals can reach up to 5 m, 3 m or 1.3 m in length for males, females and pups respectively, and they can weigh as much as 5,000 kg, 800 kg from 40 kg

*australis* **and** *Otaria flavescens***):** 

**Evidence of Influenza Virus and** 

Juan Arbiza, Andrea Blanc, Miguel Castro-Ramos, Helena Katz, Alberto Ponce de León and Mario Clara

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

*1.1.1. Otariid and phocid species of Uruguay* 

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/54214

to 50 kg (Reeves et al., 1992).

**1. Introduction** 
