**Crystal Structures of Organic Compounds**

Nader Noroozi Pesyan

190 Recent Advances in Crystallography

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Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/48536

**1. Introduction** 

X-ray crystallography is an important method for determination of the arrangement of atoms within a crystal of compound in which a beam of X-rays strikes a crystal and causes the beam of light to spread into many specific directions. From electron density, in the molecule the mean positions of the atoms in the crystal can be determined, as well as their chemical bonds and various other information.

The hexamethylenetetramine as an organic compound was solved in 1923 "(Dickinson & Raymond, 1923)". Several studies of long-chain fatty acids were followed which are an important component of biological membranes "(Bragg, 1925; de Broglie & Trillat, 1925; Caspari, 1928; Müller, 1923, 1928, 1929; Piper, 1929; Saville & Shearer, 1925; Trillat, 1926)". In the 1930s, the structures of larger molecules with two-dimensional complexity began to be solved. An important advance was the structure of phthalocyanine "(Robertson, 1936)", that is closely related to porphyrin molecules important in biology, such as heme, corrin, chlorophyll and etc.
