**4.4 Assisted reproductive technology**

The risk of ectopic pregnancy increases if the patient has conceived following an assisted reproductive technique, such as in vitro fertilization (IVF) or gamete intrafallopian transfer (GIFT). The ectopic pregnancy rate quoted as 1.6% and the heterotopic pregnancy rate as 13%.

### **4.5 Use of an intrauterine contraceptive device (IUD)**

Conception with an IUD in place is coupled with 3-4% risk of ectopic pregnancy which again more than double the background risk. This is more prominent as IUD decreases the intrauterine conception rate. (Ory HW, 1981)
