**Acknowledgement**

The authors are grateful to Professor Luiz Hildebrando Pereira da Silva, George A. Oliveira, Marjorie J. M. Nascimento and Rafaela D. Souza by the assistance and to the Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq/MCT), Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP/MCT), Fundação de Tecnologia do Acre/Fundo de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Funtac/FDCT), Secretary of Development of the Rondônia State (PRONEX/CNPq), Instituto Nacional para Pesquisa Translacional em Saúde e Ambiente na Região Amazônica (INCTINPeTAm/CNPq/MCT), and Rede de Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amazônia Legal (Rede Bionorte/MCT) for the financial support.

### **6. References**

24 Chromatography – The Most Versatile Method of Chemical Analysis

NBD-PC: N-4-Nitrobenzo-2-Oxa-1,3-Diazole Phosphatidylcholine

NBD-PE: N-4-Nitrobenzo-2-Oxa-1,3-Diazole phosphatidylglycerol NBD-PA: N-4-Nitrobenzo-2-Oxa-1,3-Diazole Phosphatidic acid

Leonardo de A. Calderon, Juliana P. Zuliani and Rodrigo G. Stábeli

*Biodiversity and Biotechnology, Bionorte Web, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil* 

Legal (Rede Bionorte/MCT) for the financial support.

*Center of Applied Biomolecular Studies in Health (CEBio), Fiocruz Rondônia, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation - FIOCRUZ and Medicine Department, Federal University of Rondônia - UNIR, Porto* 

*Center of Applied Biomolecular Studies in Health (CEBio), Fiocruz Rondônia, Oswaldo Cruz* 

Anderson M. Kayano, Antonio C. Neto, Andrea A. de Moura and Gizeli S. Gimenez *Experimental Biology, Federal University of Rondônia - UNIR, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil* 

*Experimental Biology, Federal University of Rondônia - UNIR, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil* 

*Biological Sciences, Federal University of Rondônia - UNIR, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil* 

The authors are grateful to Professor Luiz Hildebrando Pereira da Silva, George A. Oliveira, Marjorie J. M. Nascimento and Rafaela D. Souza by the assistance and to the Ministry of Science and Technology (MCT), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq/MCT), Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP/MCT), Fundação de Tecnologia do Acre/Fundo de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (Funtac/FDCT), Secretary of Development of the Rondônia State (PRONEX/CNPq), Instituto Nacional para Pesquisa Translacional em Saúde e Ambiente na Região Amazônica (INCTINPeTAm/CNPq/MCT), and Rede de Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia da Amazônia

CK-MM: Creatine Kinase - skeletal muscle tissue

MS: Mass Spectrometry

CK: Creatine Kinase

**Author details** 

*Velho, RO, Brazil* 

Andreimar M. Soares

Cleópatra A. S. Caldeira

**Acknowledgement** 

CK-MB: Creatine Kinase – cardiac CK-BB: Creatine Kinase - brain

NBD: N-4-Nitrobenzo-2-Oxa-1,3-Diazole

NBD-PG: N-4-Nitrobenzo-2-Oxa-1,3-Diazole

*Foundation - FIOCRUZ, Porto Velho, RO, Brazil* 

Kayena D. Zaqueo and Rodrigo S. Silva

LDH: lactate dehydrogenase

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32 Chromatography – The Most Versatile Method of Chemical Analysis

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**Chapter 2** 

© 2012 Casanave et al., licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2012 Casanave et al., licensee InTech. This is a paper distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

**Use of Chromatography in Animal Ecology** 

There are several applications of chromatographic science in the field of animal ecology, biology and physiology. One of the most spread uses is identifying the bile acid profiles either by Thin Layer Chromatography, Gas chromatography or High Performance Liquid

The analysis of wild collected feces is a fundamental ecological tool, applied in studies about population size, diet analysis and to identify the presence of a species in a certain area. Moreover, it is useful when it is necessary to monitor those species which are elusive, difficult to observe, threatened, nocturnal or sympatric, or exist in low densities. The identification can be done by external physical characteristics such as size, shape, odor and color, or through specific signals associated with the deposition of feces, for example tracks and scrapes [1,2]. However, this technique is sometimes useless because of the difficulties that exist in the correct identification of feces. Often, this sort of evidence is not present mainly because many of these external characteristics are sensitive to environmental conditions such as heat, desiccation or fast decomposition in humid and rainy regions, and can be affected by another type of factors: health, diet, size and age of the individual [3, 4].

Because of these reasons is that other techniques become necessary. The use of chromatographic techniques to identify or confirm the identity of wild collected feces is of great importance for biologists, because invasive procedures such as capture and manipulation are avoided. During the last years, the chromatographic determination of fecal bile acids has become a more precise method to identify unknown feces from the wild. The comparison of the whole pattern of fecal bile acids between field-collected scats and scats with known origin allows identifying the species. It has been demonstrated in several studies that fecal bile acids and their relative concentration follow patterns that are species-specific, particularly for mammals [5-7], including our recent studies in

Emma B. Casanave, M. Soledad Araujo and Gustavo H. López

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/48669

Chromatography in wild collected feces.

**1. Introduction** 

Xenarthra species [8].

