**Acknowledgement**

The chapter has been completed within the project CZ.1.07/2.4.00/31.0010 Supporting the creation of a national network of new generation of Cartography – NeoCartoLink which is co-financed from European Social Fund and State financial resources of the Czech Republic and the project The small format photography in the study of the effect of heterogeneity on the surface of habitats of the Palacky University (Integral Grant Agency, project no. PrF\_2012\_007)."

<sup>\*</sup> Corresponding Author

#### **6. References**

114 Cartography – A Tool for Spatial Analysis

interpretation.

waters [52].

psychologist.

**Author details** 

**Acknowledgement** 

PrF\_2012\_007)."

Corresponding Author

 \*

tracking recently focuses on the improvement of the user quality of a map, particularly on the map composition improvement. However, there is a question how to define the user quality of a map or a "good" map composition. In the main, the user has to be able to interpret the content of the map correctly and accurately. A correct but a too long interpretation of a map cannot be considered as a sign of high user quality of the map. A method of the map content interpretation or the way of internal recording and later recalling of the information are related to its structure of cognitive and mental maps [49, 50, 51]. That is why the improvement of the user quality of a map is considered necessary if we want to perceive into cognitive processes going on during work with maps. In this field, eyetracking can enable the user to do a research of cognitive maps. Nevertheless, it is necessary to respect the fact that maps have its own special dimension which cannot be neglected during the research because it is essentially connected with the user's map-content

Thanks to easier (but not easy) access to high-performance eye-trackers, we can expect, in a short time period, more numerous and deeper researches on different aspects of map reading. In the field of map creation, there exist certain short and long-term rules. Many of them are respected without any international convention, for example a blue colour used for

High initial investments on high quality equipment and a non-existence of a single methodology for preparing and evaluation of tests limit the implementation of the described technology in cartography research. It is also necessary to cooperate with a professional

Cartographic research with eye-tracking methods will considerably contribute to argumentation of a high number of empirically based rules and instructions for map creation and the map language will be internationalized. By implication, it will enable

The chapter has been completed within the project CZ.1.07/2.4.00/31.0010 Supporting the creation of a national network of new generation of Cartography – NeoCartoLink which is co-financed from European Social Fund and State financial resources of the Czech Republic and the project The small format photography in the study of the effect of heterogeneity on the surface of habitats of the Palacky University (Integral Grant Agency, project no.

and Vít Voženílek

geographers to present better results of their researches and studies.

*Department of Geoinformatics, Palacký University in Olomouc, Czech Republic* 

Stanislav Popelka, Alzbeta Brychtova, Jan Brus\*


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**Chapter 6** 

© 2012 Szykuła et al., licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2012 Szykuła et al., licensee InTech. This is a paper distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

**Unexpected 16th Century Finding** 

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

*"Theatrum Orbis Terrarum"*, first edition *(*1570).

Krystyna Szykuła

**1. Introduction** 

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/50224

**to Have Disappeared Just After Its Printing –** 

Nowadays it is rather not common to find 16th century map to be unknown for five centuries. In case of Jenkinson's map of Russia (1562), it was well known by historians of cartography, however, only from their renditions. It occurs possible thanks to the outstanding Flemish 16th century cartographer and editor Abraham Ortelius. One day he simply decided to collect the maps of his times to create an atlas. In this way the first atlas in a quite new editorial form came into existence, equally becoming a rich historical source for the scientists of different fields. Ortelius collected the maps of different regions of the world made by different excellent cartographers of his times. One of the maps that gained his interest was the map being a result of the first English travels to explore the way to China and India by water. English traders travelled along the north-east passage. At the same time Ortelius has just learned that the map of Moscovia has been printed in London by a king's printer, Reginald Wolf. Twenty-five copies of the map in question have been sent to him by Nicolaus Reinoldus to Antwerp, what the latter mentions in his letter. One of the copies has been assigned to be remade in the form of rendition and to fit the size by Ortelius' new Atlas

**2. The map itself, its author, his travels and the differences among the** 

The map of Moscovia – today's western Russia, by Anthony Jenkinson with the 1562 date is hand-colored copper-cut and it measures 101,7 x 81,7 cm including 6 cm decorative border. It is considered by historians as a wall map and has been made in the north orientation.

**genuine copy and its renditions. The importance of its recovery** 

**Anthony Jenkinson's Map of Russia, 1562** 

