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© 2012 Romanescu et al., licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2012 Romanescu et al., licensee InTech. This is a paper distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

**Use of Terrestrial 3D Laser Scanner** 

**Space from Various Historical Periods** 

Gheorghe Romanescu, Vasile Cotiugă and Andrei Asăndulesei

buildings and structures, works of art (sculptures, reliefs, etc.) etc.

Nowadays, modern cartography employs various techniques and methods, which were deemed inconceivable just two decades ago. The GIS technology is particularly important among these, a technology that advanced cartography to the highest standards of graphical (visual) representation. 3D laser scanning is one of the most notable new cartography techniques that is part of this "new wave". This instrument, specifically a Leica LIDAR scanner, capable of monitoring land dynamics with an accuracy of 1 mm/1 mm from a distance of 300 m, as well as its use, are the subject of the present paper. In the field of physical geography and geo-archaeology, the 3D laser scanner can be used to map and monitor soil degradation processes (ravine-creation, surface erosion, landslides, etc.), the erosion and aggradation of a river's channel and valley, shore and slope processes, beaches and escarpments, dunes, caves and man-made excavations (including salt mines), iceberg dynamics, archaeological sites and the spatial position of the archaeological finds, heritage

Even though the 3D laser scanning technique is relatively old, i.e. from the '90s, it has enjoyed increased use in physical geography and in geo-archaeology only during the last few years. Most of the cartography projects employing the 3D laser scanner focus on the morphology and dynamics of the slope geomorphological processes, as well as on river bed and shoreline dynamics. Up until the advances in technology allowed the 3D scanners to become widely available and practical enough for cartographic use, countless attempts to use "modern" cartographic methods were made, but, in most cases, they proved to be inexact and cumbersome. Therefore, most of the studies employed the

**in Cartographing and Monitoring** 

**Relief Dynamics and Habitation** 

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/47776

**1. Introduction** 

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