**5. References**

68 Cartography – A Tool for Spatial Analysis

**4. Conclusions** 

**Author details** 

Romanescu Gheorghe

The 3D scanner is also an instrumental aid in designing the land networks (Figure 30): forestry roads, county and national roads and motorways, or other land-based facilities: ski

tracks, bobsleigh courses, golf fields, power, gas and oil transport networks, etc.

**Figure 30.** Road-building in Rarau Mountains (Suceava County) (50 m grid)

much more accurate that the ones produced using classic methods.

*Department of Geography, "Alexandru Ioan Cuza" University of Iasi, Romania* 

short and the mapping products are flawless.

Ravine (Iasi County), in the Moldavian Plateau.

The 3D scanner is the most powerful and versatile instrument used in monitoring the natural and man-related processes on short term scale. The processing/production times are

On a large scale, it can be useful for a wide range of activities. Up to the present, it was used for dynamicity analyses in geomorphology (gullying, landsliding, bank- and slope- collapsing,

The first practical application on the Romanian territory was carried out on the Cucuteni

For small items, with minute change over time, the most recommended resolution is 1mm/1mm. For lare areas, with active dynamics over time, the most recommended resolutions are 5-6mm/5-6 mm (reducing significantly the scanning time – two or three times faster).

The mapping products resulted following the interpretations of the 3D scanning results are

riverine dynamics etc.), archaeology, architecture, civil and military engineering etc.


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Use of Terrestrial 3D Laser Scanner in Cartographing and

Monitoring Relief Dynamics and Habitation Space from Various Historical Periods 71

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**Chapter 4** 

© 2012 Cremonini et al., licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2012 Cremonini et al., licensee InTech. This is a paper distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

**Analysis of Pre-Geodetic Maps in** 

Gabriele Bitelli, Stefano Cremonini and Giorgia Gatta

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/46189

**1. Introduction** 

and valorisation.

**Search of Construction Steps Details** 

Cartographic Heritage consists in the whole amount of ancient cartographic documents (not only maps, but also atlas, planispheres, globes, ...) the history has brought us, today perceived as a cultural value to be necessarily preserved due to its historical and geographical content as well as its artistic value. It is a great but often poorly known heritage, because usually ancient cartographic documents are kept in places closed to the public, and only occasionally they are proved valuable outside of specific research activities. The recovery of ancient cartography is intended to save, and possibly to spread throughout a wide public, Cartographic Heritage, making use of the potential it offers. Unfortunately, ancient cartographic documents often suffer from preservation problems of their analogue support (an organic material, thus subject to wear), mostly due to aging. Therefore, the recovery of ancient cartography firstly consists in traditional restoration, intended to safeguard the analogue support against the damaging effects of time. Beside this, a recovery of the content of historical documents is also possible, carrying the cartographic document to a different support, usually a digital one. In such a way, regeneration of ancient cartography in a digital environment is an interesting way of Cultural Heritage preservation

Digital regeneration is not exhaust by the digitization step: modern digital techniques allow new chances of using the map information, which would be unachievable on an analogue support. In particular, georeferencing and analysis of map deformations help in metric analysis of ancient cartography. In fact, usually the metric precision of an ancient cartographic document can be very different from that of a present map, due to an amount of deformations and errors that can be very high with respect to our standards. For example, graphical deformations can be induced by the old type of cartographic transformation (if one exists, it can be different from the modern ones), whereas other deformations can be due


#### **Chapter 4**
