**4. Discussion about the toxicity of iron particles**

Iron in suitable concentrations is an element essential for human health which participates in the transport of oxygen (hemoglobin, myoglobine) in cellular breathing. If the

concentration of iron in the organism exceeds the capacity of transport and spare proteins for iron, then it is deposited loose into the tissue. An increased deposition of iron in tissues causes fibrotization and the reduction of functional tissue. The main signs include development of liver hemosiderosis and later cirrhosis, type II diabetes, cardiomyophy, arthritis etc. [11]

Experiences with Anthropogenic Aerosol Spread in the Environment 453

*Measurements of FIT factors* of the protective respirators, device PortaCount Pro+ 8038 TSI,

*Thermal analysis*, TG-DSC and TGA were measured with the device STAi 1500 made by

*Infrared ATR spectrums (FTIR)* were measured with the spectrometer Nicolet 7600 (Thermo Nicolet Instruments Co., Madison, USA) with the detector DTGS and beam divider KBr. Parameters of the measurements: number of spectrum accumulations 128, resolution 2 cm-1. The measurements were conducted with an ATR cuvette Smart Orbit (Thermo Scientific)

*Microscope:* Microscope Olympus XI71 + CCD camera Olympus DP72 (Olympus Co., Japan)

*El. microscope*: made by FEI, model Quanta 450 FEG, high fiber method, ETD detector

Thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (GTA/DTA) was performed with STA;

Bílek K., Cejpek J., Dropa T., Kollárová D., Kubátová H., Matheisová H., Němeček Vl.,

[1] Nohavica D. (2009) Respiratory and Cardiovascular Problems Related to Nanoparticles (in Czech). Proc. of Nanocon 2009, Roznov pod Radhostem, p. 76, ISBN 978-80-87294-

[2] Klouda K., Kubátová H., Zemanová E. (2011) Nanomaterials: Prost an Contras.

[3] Klouda K. (2011) Analysis of results of Measurement of Nanoparticles from

[4] Glatz A. (2010) Efficiency of Emission Particles Filters and Modern Engines Ecology are strongly Arguable (in Czech). [2010-03-16], Available: http://biom.cz/odborne-

method MAZL – 40/11 (SÚJCHBO), OSHA 29CFR1910.134.

(secondary electrons) and BSE (back-scattered electrons).

1500 made by Instrument Specialists Incorporated – THASS.

*State Office for Nuclear Safety, Czech Republic, e-mail: karel.klouda@sujb.cz* 

*The National Institute for Nuclear, Chemical and Biological Protection* 

Urban M., Večerková J., Vošáhlík J., Weisheitlová M., Witkovská V.

Antrhopogenis Sources (in Czech). Spektrum 1/2011, pp. 19-23

Communications 2/11, Vol. 13, pp. 1-13

clannky/efektivita-filtru..

Instrument Specialists Incorporated - THASS

equipped with a diamond crystal.

Stanislav Brádka and Petr Otáhal

**7. Acknowledgement** 

**8. References** 

12-3

**Author details** 

Karel Klouda

were used for magnification 200-600x.

The round shape of nanoparticles probably reduces toxicity and facilitates transport from alveoli by breathing.

The concentrations of micro- and nano- particles measured in one cubic meter were higher than the permitted exposure limit (PEL) specified in the Government Order of the Czech Republic but, considering the mostly automated operation of the steelworks, the level of risk to the employees is not significant.
