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**Chapter 7** 

© 2012 Mkoma et al., licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2012 Mkoma et al., licensee InTech. This is a paper distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

**Characteristics of Low-Molecular Weight** 

Carboxylic acids together with water-soluble inorganic ions are an important group of water-soluble organic compounds in the atmospheric aerosols (Jacobson et al., 2000, Bourotte et al., 2007). They are highlighted because they account for substantial portion of atmospheric aerosols, and potentially control chemical and physical properties of the particles. Consequently, they may have direct and indirect effects on the earth's radiation balance by scattering incoming solar radiation, which counteracts the global warming (IPCC, 2007). More attention has been paid to carboxylic acids due to their potential to modify the hygroscopic properties of atmospheric particles, including cloud condensation nuclei activity and hence to change global radiation balance (Kerminen, 2001; Peng et al., 2001). Major water-soluble inorganic ions are associated with atmospheric visibility degradation, adverse human health effects, and acidity of precipitation (Dockery & Pope,

Among the organic acids, low molecular weight carboxylic acids such as acetic, oxalic and malonic are generally most abundant in the atmospheric aerosols. Carboxylic acids in variable concentrations have been reported in various environments including rural and urban atmosphere (Kawamura & Sakaguchi, 1999; Kerminen et al., 2000; Nicolas et al., 2009) and have different source origin, including biomass burning, fossil fuel combustion (Kawamura 1987; Narukawa et al., 1999), sea spray, traffic and industrial emissions and photochemical oxidation of precursors from anthropogenic and biogenic origin (Kawamura & Sakaguchi, 1999; Limbeck & Puxbaum, 1999; Kumar et al., 2001; Chakraborty & Gupta, 2010). Other sources for carboxylic acids in the marine atmosphere include in-cloud and

**Carboxylic Acids in PM2.5 and PM10** 

**Ambient Aerosols From Tanzania** 

Stelyus L. Mkoma, Gisele O. da Rocha, José D.S. da Silva and Jailson B. de Andrade

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/48138

**1. Introduction** 

1996; IPCC, 2007).

heterogeneous formations (Warneck, 2003).

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter


**Chapter 7** 
