**6. References**


159, 40th Annual Report of the National Advisory, U.S. G.P.O. Washington, D.C. pp. 85- 108, 1954

**Chapter 17** 

© 2012 Klouda et al., licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2012 Klouda et al., licensee InTech. This is a paper distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

**Experiences with Anthropogenic Aerosol** 

The general public is well aware of harmful effects of solid contaminants in the atmosphere. The harmful effects depend on both the size and composition and origin of the particles. Solid particles greater than 100 micrometers remain in the air only very shortly and settle as dust. Smaller particles remain in the air substantially longer and may be transported through space. Particles smaller than 5 micrometers demonstrate aerosol properties and

The inhalation of aerosols made of micro- and nanoparticles results in their deposition in the human respiratory system. It is expected that, depending on their diameter, surface, chemical composition of the surface etc., they are subsequently transported to other terminal organs.

There are many epidemiological studies that have identified the negative effects of these particles on respiratory and cardiovascular systems in sensitive members of the population [1]. A particularly serious effect on the cardiovascular system has been identified for inhaled

The main sources of dust, micro and nanoparticles that exceed natural background levels are anthropogenic activities, e.g. heavy industry, operations that involve metalworking and woodworking, milling, grinding, general dusty operations, etc. [2]. This has also been one of the main reasons for our measurements. The first part of the chapter presents the results of pilot and orientation measurements of means of transport in Prague, of an office building in the center of Prague, the influence of a Diesel engine type on the quantity of nanoparticles released into the atmosphere, and particles released during fire, welding, the burning of

The second part of the chapter presents the results of systematic and long-term measurements of the quantities and distribution of nanoparticles at the platform of the

entertainment pyrotechnics, and the shooting of police weapons.

**Spread in the Environment** 

Karel Klouda, Stanislav Brádka and Petr Otáhal

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/48439

remain suspended in the air.

ultrafine (nano) particles.

**1. Introduction** 

[3] Kulkarni G. and Twohy, C.: Computational fluid dynamics studies to understand ice crystal and liquid droplet breakup within an airborne counterflow virtual impactor, AAAR 30th Annual Conference, 2010
