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**Chapter 3** 

© 2012 Srivastava et al., licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2012 Srivastava et al., licensee InTech. This is a paper distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

**Aerosol Characteristics** 

**over the Indo-Gangetic Basin:** 

A.K. Srivastava, Sagnik Dey and S.N. Tripathi

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

understanding of their role in the Earth's radiation budget.

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/48314

Indo-Gangetic Basin (IGB) region.

**1. Introduction** 

**Implications to Regional Climate** 

The climatic and environmental effects of atmospheric aerosols are the critical issues in global science community because aerosols, derived from variety of natural and man-made (or anthropogenic) emission sources, are well known to affect the air quality, human health and radiation budget [1]. While comparing the third and fourth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) as shown in Figure 1, the level of scientific understanding for the role of green house gases (GHGs) in projected temperature changes is higher relative to that of aerosols [2,3]. This is because of inadequate measurements of aerosols, their microphysical and optical properties and poor

Aerosols influence the Earth's climate directly by scattering and absorbing the solar and terrestrial radiations and indirectly by modifying the cloud macro- and micro-physical properties [4]. The direct and indirect effects of atmospheric aerosols are shown in the schematics in Figure 2a and 2b, respectively. Varity of aerosols present in the atmosphere from natural and anthropogenic emission sources can influence our Earth's atmosphere directly by absorbing/scattering the incoming solar radiations (Figure 2a). It can also absorb and re-radiated the outgoing radiations emitted from the Earth. On the other hand, aerosols indirectly affect the climate system by acting as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) and ice nuclei (IN) and thereby modify the cloud properties and their impacts depending upon the environment like polluted or un-polluted regions (Figure 2b). In a recent study, reported in [5], they have investigated the indirect aerosol effect during the successive contrasting monsoon seasons over Indian subcontinent. However, a different study reported in [6] was carried out to investigate the intensity and the spatial extent of the indirect effect over the

[35] Hoshiko T, Nakajima F, Prueksasit T, Yamamoto K (2012): 4. Health risk of exposure to vehicular emissions in wind-stagnant street canyons, In: "Ventilating cities -Air-flow criteria for healthy and comfortable urban living-" (Eds.: Kato S and Hiyama K), pp.59- 95, Springer
