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**Chapter 9** 

© 2012 Lopes et al., licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2012 Lopes et al., licensee InTech. This is a paper distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

**Impacts of Biomass Burning in the** 

**Atmosphere of the Southeastern Region** 

**of Brazil Using Remote Sensing Systems** 

F. J. S. Lopes, G. L. Mariano, E. Landulfo and E. V. C. Mariano

Usually, both for the scientific community and to the general public, there is a tendency to associate air pollution with large urban centers (mainly coming from motor vehicles or factory chimneys). However, large areas, especially tropical regions, live with another source of pollution: the biomass burning. According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report, biomass burning is the major source of air pollution and is considered an important environmental problem with several impacts on local, regional and global levels [1]. Biomass burning includes burning of forests, grasslands, and croplands. Large quantities of gases and materials, besides trace elements, are emitted into the atmosphere by this action. This can affect both the regional and global climate through the interaction with solar radiation and the chemical and physical processes in the atmosphere. A large amount of these burning points occurred in the southern part of the Amazon basin during the dry season and the product of these emissions can be transported to some cities in the southeast of the country, a highly polluted region, and with cities with serious air pollution problems at the urban environment. Moreover, with the growing demand for biofuels in Brazil, the cultivation of sugarcane has been expanding considerably in southeastern Brazil, being a strong contribution to poor air quality in the region due to the

A very useful tool in studies of the effects of burning in the atmosphere is the Lidar (Light Detection and Ranging) technique, which gives vertical profiles of aerosols and allows the monitoring of the temporal evolution of the atmospheric structure, as well as to obtain values of backscattering coefficient. This technique is characterized by high spatial and temporal resolution, allowing the measurement of small concentrations of different gases (mainly water vapor), aerosols and local meteorological parameters such as wind direction

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

burning of that culture, aiming to facilitate its harvest.

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/50406

**1. Introduction** 


Twomey, S. 1991, Aerosols Clouds and Radiation, Atmos. Environ., 25A, 2435-2442.

