**6. Acknowledgements**

This research has been financed by the Spanish Government DGICYT - AGL2009-13359- CO2/AGR, by the Andalusian Government: Junta de Andalucía, PO7-FQM-002689, http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/innovacioncienciayempresa; Programa Operativo 2007- 2013 (FEDER-FSE) (18INSV2407, 18INSV2610), and by the CeiA3 International Campus of excellence in Agrifood (18INACO177.002AA, http://www.uco.es/cei-A3/). Victoria E. González-Rodríguez was financed by the grant FPU of the Ministerio de Educación, Government of Spain, Ref. AP2009-1309; Eva Liñeiro was financed by the grant of the University of Cádiz Ref. 2010-152.

#### **7. References**


predicted genome. The method to capture new fungal proteins, its identification by mass spectrometry and to determine their biological relevance needs to be determined yet. By using our previous experience with *B. cinerea*, we are developing proteomic approaches to *C. acutatum*. Its conidial germination, mycelia dataset and secretome are characterized by 2DE. The key challenge is in our opinion, the use of the collected information to develop new methodologies to fight against plants pathogens. As a future prospect, the development of new environmental friendly proteomics-based fungicides has been discussed (Fernández-

This research has been financed by the Spanish Government DGICYT - AGL2009-13359- CO2/AGR, by the Andalusian Government: Junta de Andalucía, PO7-FQM-002689, http://www.juntadeandalucia.es/innovacioncienciayempresa; Programa Operativo 2007- 2013 (FEDER-FSE) (18INSV2407, 18INSV2610), and by the CeiA3 International Campus of excellence in Agrifood (18INACO177.002AA, http://www.uco.es/cei-A3/). Victoria E. González-Rodríguez was financed by the grant FPU of the Ministerio de Educación, Government of Spain, Ref. AP2009-1309; Eva Liñeiro was financed by the grant of the

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**9** 

*Brazil* 

**Molecular and Proteolytic Profiles** 

**Isolates from Rio de Janeiro-Brazil** 

*Setor de Entomologia Médica e Forense IOC-FIOCRUZ-Rio de Janeiro, RJ* 

Chagas disease, also known as American trypanosomiasis, has its epidemiology conditioned to the (i) triatominae vectors, (ii) etiologic agent, *Trypanosoma cruzi*, and (iii) sylvatic and sinantropic reservoirs, the mammals. Social factors associated with economic factors, such as industry development, population growth and rural area colonization, which lead directly to ecological imbalance, provide favorable conditions for the disease establishment

In 1909, Carlos Chagas releases his discovery on a new human disease, the American trypanosomiasis, subsequently known as Chagas disease. Carlos Chagas described the etiologic agent, the protozoan belonging to the Trypanosomatidae family *Trypanosoma cruzi*, and its insect vector belonging to the Hemiptera order, Triatominae subfamily, the so-called

The natural history of the Chagas disease probably started millions of years ago probably as a sylvatic enzooty, and it is still present in different areas from Brazilian territory. The arrival of men in these areas, as well as comprehensive deforestation caused by extensive farming during the past 300 years has caused triatomine insects, formerly sylvatic animal blood-sucking bugs, to meet men (Ferreira et al., 1996; Coura, 2007). Hence, the disease was characterized as a zoonosis, when men invaded the sylvatic habitat, deforesting and changing the ecological balance, and making triatomine bugs access to the residences.

Danielle Misael2, Cristina S. Silva2, Denise Feder1, Alice H. Ricardo-Silva2, André L. S. Santos3,

*Bloco E-subsolo, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil*

*1Laboratório de Biologia de Insetos, GBG, Universidade Federal Fluminense-UFF, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil 2Laboratório de Transmissores de Leishmanioses, Setor de Entomologia Médica e Forense, IOC-FIOCRUZ-Rio de* 

*3Laboratório de Estudos Integrados em Bioquímica Microbiana, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG),* 

**1. Introduction** 

 \*

*Janeiro, RJ, Brasil* 

(Barretto, 1967; Ávila-Pires, 1976).

kissing bug (Chagas, 1909; Lent & Wygodzinsky, 1979).

Jacenir R. Santos-Mallet2 and Teresa Cristina M. Gonçalves2

**of** *Trypanosoma cruzi* **Sylvatic** 

*Universidade Federal Fluminense-UFF, Rio de Janeiro, RJ* 

Suzete A. O. Gomes1,2 et al.\*

*1Laboratório de Biologia de Insetos, GBG* 

*2Laboratório de Transmissores de Leishmanioses* 

