**6. References**


Replication arrest is a source of genetic instability in all types of living cells. As a consequence, cells have developed several effective strategies to tackle with replication fork arrest and/or repairing the double DSBs generated at the stalled replication forks. We have reviewed how PFGE and 2D gels can be used to elucidate some features related to the progression of the replication forks. By using these two non-conventional electrophoresis it can be verified the presence of stalled replication forks, understanding how they have been

We are very grateful to Bénédicte Michel for bacterial strains and continuous support and advice. We especially thank Estrella Guarino, Israel Salguero, Carmen Mata, Encarna Ferrera and Hasna Boubakri for their works and technical help. This work was supported by grants BFU2007-63942 to EG and BFU2007-64153, and P09-CVI-5428 to EV from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación and Junta de Andalucía. EV is grateful to Dr. JB Schvartzman for training in 2D electrophoresis and helpful discussions along the years. EV is grateful to Dr. JB Schvartzman for training in 2D electrophoresis and helpful discussions.

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**Part 4** 

**Electrophoresis Application in Enzymology** 

