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**10** 

*México D. F.* 

**Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis in** 

**Detection of Methicillin Resistant** 

*Staphylococcus aureus* **(MRSA)** 

*1Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca Morelos 2Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Dr. Ignacio Chávez"* 

**Molecular Typing and Epidemiological** 

Velazquez-Meza Maria Elena1\*, Vázquez-Larios Rosario2,

Hernández Dueñas Ana Maria2 and Rivera Martínez Eduardo2

Methicillin-resistant *Staphylococcus aureus* (MRSA) is an important threat to hospitalized patients worldwide and is responsible for a wide range of human diseases, including septicemia, endocarditis, pneumonia, osteomyelitis, toxic shock syndrome, and bacteremia (Tenover & Gaynes, 2000). This species nevertheless represents a serious public health burden, particularly the clones which are resistant to methicillin and other classes of antibiotics; the emergence of penicillin-methicillin-, and recently high-level vancomycinresistant strains emphasize the importance and urgency of such rational prescribing policy for the treatment of MRSA infections (Appelbaum, 2007; Goldstein 2007). Multiple studies have shown clonal spreads of epidemic MRSA strains within hospitals, between hospitals within a country (Breurec et al., 2011; Nübel et al., 2010), and also between countries and continents (Breurec et al., 2011; Deurenberg et al., 2009; Diekema et al. 2001). There are only a limited number of nosocomial MRSA clones spread worldwide (the Iberian [ST247- SCC*mec* I], the Brazilian [ST239-IIIA], the Hungarian [ST239-III], the New York/Japan [ST5- II], the Pediatric [ST5-VI], the Berlin [ST45-IV], EMRSA-15 [ST22-IV], and the EMRSA-16

Molecular typing of MRSA is used to support infection control measures. Although Pulsedfield gel electrophoresis (PFGE) is well known and considered as golden standard, for establishing clonal relationships at the local level, its detection capacity seems to make it also too discriminative for global comparisons (McDougal et al.2003; Murchan et al., 2003). Recently multilocus sequence typing (MLST) has been proven to be the most adequate method both for long-term and global epidemiologic studies and for population genetic studies. Typing methods based on sequencing of more stable housekeeping genes (MLST) allow the creation of Internet-based curate databases and inter-laboratory data exchange

[ST36-II] clones) (Enright et al., 2002; Oliveira et al., 2001).

**1. Introduction** 

 \*

Corresponding Author

