Excludes Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania prior to 1985 and Slovenia prior to 1991. **Notes: Annual changes and shares of total are calculated using million tonnes per annum figures.**

Table 1. World production of oil. Source: www.bp.com

#### **5. The origin of oil**

The oldest formations of the world's oil has about 500 million years and it is a result of the slow process of nature, which produced deposits of sediment in large depressions in the bottom of seas and lakes, accumulating for thousands of years, successive layers of sedimentary rock containing microorganisms, animals and plants.

The action of heat and weight of these layers on the deeper sedimentary deposits has been transforming the organic matter through thermochemical reactions in kerogen, the initial stage of oil, then by the action of higher temperatures and pressures, they were broken, making it on deposits of oil and gas.

#### **5.1 Constituents of oil**

6 Crude Oil Emulsions – Composition Stability and Characterization

Compared to 2009, the volume of oil produced worldwide in 2010 increased 2.3%, from 80.3

Oil production in Central and South America rose by 3.5%, driven mainly by increases in Colombia, Peru and Brazil, respectively, 16.8%, 8.2% and 5.3%. With the increase in the volume of oil produced, Brazil reached the 12th position among the world's largest

**Oil: Production \*** Change 2010

Thousand barrels daily 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 **2010** 2009 of total US 7733 7669 7626 7400 7228 6895 6841 6847 6734 7271 **7513** 3.2% 8.7% Canada 2721 2677 2858 3004 3085 3041 3208 3297 3251 3224 **3336** 4.3% 4.2% Mexico 3450 3560 3585 3789 3824 3760 3683 3471 3167 2979 **2958** -0.8% 3.7% **Total North America 13904 13906 14069 14193 14137 13696 13732 13616 13152 13474 13808 2.5% 16.6%** Brazil 1268 1337 1499 1555 1542 1716 1809 1833 1899 2029 **2137** 5.3% 2.7% Venezuela 3239 3142 2895 2554 2907 2937 2808 2613 2558 2438 **2471** 1.4% 3.2% **Total S. & Cent. America 6813 6722 6619 6314 6680 6898 6865 6635 6676 6753 6989 3.5% 8.9%** Kazakhstan 744 836 1018 1111 1297 1356 1426 1484 1554 1688 **1757** 4.4% 2.1% Norway 3346 3418 3333 3264 3189 2969 2779 2551 2459 2358 **2137** -9.4% 2.5% Russian Federation 6536 7056 7698 8544 9287 9552 9769 9978 9888 10035 **10270** 2.2% 12.9% United Kingdom 2667 2476 2463 2257 2028 1809 1636 1638 1526 1452 **1339** -7.7% 1.6% **Total Europe & Eurasia 14950 15450 16289 16973 17580 17542 17599 17815 17590 17745 17661 -0.4% 21.8%** Iran 3855 3892 3709 4183 4248 4234 4286 4322 4327 4199 **4245** 0.9% 5.2% Iraq 2614 2523 2116 1344 2030 1833 1999 2143 2428 2442 **2460** 0.6% 3.1% Kuwait 2206 2148 1995 2329 2475 2618 2690 2636 2782 2489 **2508** 0.6% 3.1% Saudi Arabia 9491 9209 8928 10164 10638 11114 10853 10449 10846 9893 **10007** 0.7% 12.0% United Arab Emirates 2620 2551 2390 2695 2847 2983 3149 3053 3088 2750 **2849** 3.5% 3.3% **Total Middle East 23547 23120 21858 23442 24981 25488 25675 25309 26338 24629 25188 1.7% 30.3%** Angola 746 742 905 870 1103 1405 1421 1684 1875 1784 **1851** 3.8% 2.3% Nigeria 2155 2274 2103 2238 2431 2499 2420 2305 2113 2061 **2402** 16.2% 2.9% **Total Africa 7804 7897 8028 8411 9336 9902 9918 10218 10204 9698 10098 4.2% 12.2%** China 3252 3306 3346 3401 3481 3637 3705 3737 3809 3800 **4071** 7.1% 5.2% India 726 727 753 756 773 738 762 769 768 754 **826** 9.8% 1.0% Indonesia 1456 1387 1289 1176 1130 1090 996 972 1003 990 **986** -0.3% 1.2% **Total Asia Pacific 7874 7811 7837 7742 7854 7959 7940 7951 8054 7978 8350 4.9% 10.2% Total World 74893 74906 74700 77075 80568 81485 81729 81544 82015 80278 82095 2.2% 100.0%** of which: OECD 21531 21314 21440 21174 20775 19870 19463 19114 18414 18471 **18490** 0.2% 22.1% Non-OECD 53361 53592 53260 55900 59793 61616 62266 62430 63600 61807 **63605** 2.7% 77.9% OPEC 31145 30640 29261 31020 33776 34951 35098 34757 35722 33365 **34324** 2.5% 41.5% Non-OPEC £ 35734 35606 35907 35556 35385 34695 34315 33991 33466 33699 **34287** 1.9% 41.7% European Union # 3493 3285 3339 3128 2902 2659 2422 2388 2222 2088 **1951** -6.5% 2.4% Former Soviet Union 8014 8660 9533 10499 11407 11839 12316 12795 12827 13214 **13484** 2.0% 16.8%

The oldest formations of the world's oil has about 500 million years and it is a result of the slow process of nature, which produced deposits of sediment in large depressions in the bottom of seas and lakes, accumulating for thousands of years, successive layers of

The action of heat and weight of these layers on the deeper sedimentary deposits has been transforming the organic matter through thermochemical reactions in kerogen, the initial stage of oil, then by the action of higher temperatures and pressures, they were broken,

\* Includes crude oil, shale oil, oil sands and NGLs ( the liquid content of natural gas where this is recovered separately).

sedimentary rock containing microorganisms, animals and plants.

Excludes liquid fuels from other sources such as biomass and coal derivatives.
