**6. Abbreviations**


#### **7. References**

34 Advances in Crystallization Processes

resolution. If the racemic compound and resolving agent have similar molecule structure,

If the structures of racemic compound and resolving agent are not considered structurally related compounds, at separation of the diasteremers also exist the complementarity between compounds form the diastereomer, which is in advanced insured in case of structurally similar compounds. In all probability the results of separation of diastereomers are also determined by the behaviour of enantiomeric mixtures of racemic compound and

The probability of this statement is underlined near the experimental data, the fact that the conditions, separation methods, typical behaviours observed at the separation of diastereomers based on the fractionated crystallization were similar to the experienced one

The rulings of chiral-chiral recognitions are valid even if the aim is to isolate by crystallization a chiral compound, having a higher purity than the initial one (*ee*>*ee*0), from a

The authors thank the financial support of the Hungarian OTKA Fundation (T 75236) for E.

This work is connected to the scientific program of the "Development of quality-oriented and harmonized R+D+I strategy and functional model at BME" project. This project is supported by the New Hungary Development Plan (Project ID: TÁMOP-4.2.1/B-

the diastereomers form quasi-racemate, and quasi-conglomerate respectively.

at the separation of mixtures containing only enantiomers.

mixture containing more than two chiral component.

**A** phenylisopropylamine **AC** aminocaprolactam **AcPA** acetyl-phenylalanine **AcPG** acetyl-phenylglycine

**BAB** benzylaminobutanol **BPA** benzoyl-d-phenylalanine

**CPH** chloro-phenyl substituent **CSA** camphorsulfonic acid **DBTA** dibenzoyltartaric acid

**DBTAC** calcium salt of dibenzoyltartaric acid

**CHD** cyclohexane-diol **CHRA** chrysanthemic acid **CPA** permetric acid

**AD** aminodiol **AML** amlodipine **AN** aminonitrile **BA** benzylamine

resolving agent.

**5. Acknowledgements** 

09/1/KMR-2010-0002).

**6. Abbreviations** 

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http://www.doktori.hu/index.php?menuid=193&vid=2140&lang=EN


**2** 

*Israel* 

*Bar Ilan University* 

**Crystallization on Self Assembled Monolayers** 

Over the past two decades, self assembled monolayers (SAMs) (Love *et al.*, 2005; Smith *et al.*, 2004; Ulman, 1996) have been extensively studied due to their many applications in various fields such as electrochemistry (Eckerman *et al.*, 2010), biosensors (Nyquist *et al.*, 2000), protein separation (Chun and Stroeve, 2002) and enantiomer separation (Mastai, 2009). SAMs are organic assemblies formed by the adsorption of molecules from solution or from the gas phase onto the surfaces of solids. These molecules spontaneously organize into highly ordered, crystalline (or semicrystalline) two dimensional films. The molecules composing the SAMs adsorb to the surface through a "headgroup", a functional group with a high affinity for the solid surfaces. Two of the most widely studied systems of SAMs are alkanethiols adsorbed on metals, including gold, silver and platinum and alkylsilane chains formed on silicon dioxide surfaces, including glass and mica. In these cases, the "headgroups" are thiols, which have a high affinity for metal surfaces and silanes, which have a high affinity for silicon-dioxide surfaces. SAMs have become so popular since they offer a unique combination of physical properties that allow fundamental studies of interfacial chemistry, solvent molecule interactions and self-organization. Their wellordered arrays and ease of functionalization make them ideal model systems in many fields. One of the important advantages of SAMs is that they can be prepared in the laboratory by dipping the desired substrate in the required solution for a specified time followed by thorough washing with the same solvent and drying, often using a jet of dry nitrogen. Gasphase evaporation of the adsorbate can also form good monolayers, although structural control is difficult. Several factors affect the formation and packing density of the self assembled monolayers including the solvent, temperature, nature of adsorbate, adsorbate concentration and the nature and roughness of the substrate. SAM substrates range from planar surfaces to highly curved surfaces (which will not be discussed here). The most common planar substrates for alkanethiol SAMs are thin films of metals supported on flat surfaces, such as glass, silica wafers and mica. These substrates can be easily prepared using methods like physical vapor deposition (PVD) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD). In some cases, an additional layer of titanium or chromium between the solid and the metal is needed in order to improve the adhesion between them. The composition of the thin films (grain size, etc.) is affected by the properties of the metal used (for example, melting point), the solid surface roughness and the experimental conditions. This, in turn, affects the organization and density of the SAM. The most common alkylsilane substrates are silicon

dioxide surfaces such as glass, which are usually pre-treated with sulfuric acid.

**1. Introduction** 

Michal Ejgenberg and Yitzhak Mastai

