**4. Conclusion**

In conclusion, crystallization of an amorphous material is a complex phenomenon involving nucleation and growth processes and it can be investigated by taking into account the structure and the kinetics of the crystallization reaction. Crystallization kinetics is crucial since it studies the effect of nucleation and growth rate of the resulting crystalline phase.

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**7** 

*Japan* 

Nobuyuki Tanaka

*Gunma University, Tsutsumicho, Kiryu,* 

**Thermodynamics of Enthalpy Relaxation** 

**and Hole Formation of Polymer Glasses** 

The enthalpy relaxation of the glassy materials has been investigated rheologically for years with a view to approaching the ideal glass1 - 5). The imaginary liquid at Kauzmann temperature2, 3), TK, at which the extrapolation line of enthalpy or entropy as a function of temperature for the liquid intersected the enthalpy or entropy line of the crystal, had been considered once to be the ideal glass. However because at TK, the enthalpy or entropy for the liquid was same as that of crystal, the liquid like this was hard to take thermodynamically, bringing the entropy crisis. Fig. 1 depicts the change of the enthalpy difference, ΔH, between the liquid and the crystal upon cooling for a polymer. For stable liquids, ΔH should be almost constant from near Tg upon cooling as described below. Therefore, the liquid line can never intersect that of the crystal. The transition from liquid to crystal or vice versa means the emission or absorption of the latent heat accompanying the

Fig. 1. The change of ΔH for a polymer liquid or liquid crystal (solid line) upon cooling. The small arrow mark shows the direction of enthalpy relaxation. The base line is that of crystal.

The dashed lines are extrapolated to Tg and TK, and the dot line is complementary.

enthalpy jump. Thus for polymers, TK is merely a temperature parameter.

**1. Introduction** 

Zhang, S.N., Zhu, T.J. & Zhao, X.B. (2008). Crystallization Kinetics of Si15Te85 and Si20Te80 Chalcogenide Glasses. *Physica B-Condensed Matter*, 403, pp. 3459-3463, 0921-4526
