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**10** 

*2Croatia* 

**Crystallization of Sub-Micrometer Sized** 

*1Department of Chemistry, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and* 

*Innovative Materials and Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai* 

In recent years, the threat of the potential shortage of oil becomes one of the difficult problems which not only influences the quality of human life but also triggers the regional conflicts or wars. Thus, the oil management becomes the hottest topic in the contemporary economical and political world. To well solve that problem, there are two different approaches, 1) to discover/develop the alternative energy sources such as: bio-energy (biogas, biofuel), sunlight energy (or power plants), energy of wind (or power plants), nuclear energy (or power plants), etc. and 2) to increase the efficiency of crude oil (fossil fuels) processing and quality of final product. Although the first one seems interesting and ambitious, the existing drawbacks such as the low (but increasing) efficiency of sunlight transformation and the potential risk of the leakage of radioactive materials from nuclear facilities, become the great obstacle for the fast and promising development of these types of 'New plants Energetic Strategy'. Compare with the first approach, the latter seems more mild, reliable and realizable. To achieve such goal, the increase of the efficiency of catalysts is the key. Most frequently, different types of zeolites are used as catalysts for crude oil

Zeolite ZSM-5, as a member of the family of pentasil zeolites, has aroused tremendous interest after its first discovery by the research group of Mobile Company in the year 1972 [1]. With its adjustable framework Al content (from 0 to about 8Al per unit cell), two dimensional micropore channels (0.55 nm × 0.54 nm; Fig. 1a), sinusoidal pore geometry along c axis (Fig.1b) and easy insertion of hetero-T atoms, this material plays an important role in many of crucial catalytic processes such as hydro-cracking, de-waxing, alkylation, etc., [2-5] as well as in separation of organic compounds with different sizes and shapes [6]. In the case when zeolite ZSM-5 was used as catalyst, most of reactions are 'diffusioncontrolled' [7]. This means that the product distribution largely depend on the nature and location of active sites in the crystalline framework of catalyst. Thus, the increase of the

processing – among them, zeolite ZSM-5 has most expressive role.

**1. Introduction** 

 \*

Corresponding Author

**ZSM-5 Zeolites in SDA-Free Systems** 

Nan Ren1,\*, Boris Subotić2 and Josip Bronić<sup>2</sup>

*1People's Republic of China* 

*2Ruđer Bošković Institute, Division of Materials Chemistry, Laboratory for the Synthesis of New Materials Zagreb* 

