**Section 4**

**Human Activity Assessment** 

404 Remote Sensing – Applications

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**18** 

**Object-Based Image Analysis of VHR** 

Tatjana Veljanovski1,2, Urša Kanjir1, Peter Pehani1,2,

Krištof Oštir1,2 and Primož Kovačič<sup>3</sup>

*3Map Kibera Trust* 

*1,2Slovenia 3Kenya* 

**Satellite Imagery for Population Estimation** 

*1Scientific Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts 2Space-SI – Centre of Excellence for Space Science and Technologies* 

**in Informal Settlement Kibera-Nairobi, Kenya** 

Cities in Africa and developing countries in general are having a difficult time coping with the influx of people arriving every day. Informal settlements are growing, and governments are struggling to provide even the most fundamental services to their urban populations.

Kibera (edge region within the Nairobi) is the biggest informal settlement in Kenya, and one of the biggest in Africa. The population estimates vary between 170,000 and 1 million and are highly debatable. What is certain is that the area is large (roughly 2.5 km2), host at least hundreds of thousands people, is informal and self-organized, stricken by poverty, disease, population increase, environmental degradation, corruption, lack of security and - often overlooked but extremely important – lack of information which all contribute to lack of basic services such as access to safe water, sanitation, health care and formal education.

In Africa, but also in other continents, urban growth has reached alarming figures. Informal settlements formation has been associated with the rapid growth of urban population caused by rural immigration, triggered by difficult livelihood, civil wars and internal disturbances. The result of this very rapid and unplanned urban growth is that 30% to 60% of residents of most large cities in developing countries live in informal settlements (UNHSP, 2005). Nowadays, informal residential environments (slums) are an important

Densely populated urban areas in developing countries often lack any kind of data that would enable the monitoring systems. Monitoring systems joining spatial (location) and social data can be used for the monitoring, planning and management purposes. New methods of monitoring are required to generate adequate data to help link the location and socioeconomic data in urban systems to local policies and controlling actions. In the past, rapid urban growth was quite difficult to manage and regulate when processes were in progress. Available census data barely accounts for the reality, as in most cases, they

component reflecting fast urban expansion in poor living conditions.

**1. Introduction** 
