**Section 2**

**Climate and Atmosphere** 

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**9** 

Baozhang Chen

*P.R. China* 

*Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing* 

**Coupled Terrestrial Carbon and Water** 

**Dynamics in Terrestrial Ecosystems:** 

**Contributions of Remote Sensing** 

*Institute of Geographic Sciences and Nature Resources Research,* 

The Earth climate is a complex, interactive system, determined by a number of complex connected physical, chemical and biological processes occurring in the atmosphere, land and ocean. The terrestrial biosphere plays many pivotal roles in the coupled Earth system providing both positive and negative feedbacks to climate change (Treut et al., 2007). Terrestrial vegetation via photosynthesis converts solar energy into carbon that would otherwise reside in the atmosphere as a greenhouse gas, thereby regulating climate. Vegetation also transfers water between belowground reservoirs and the atmosphere to maintain precipitation and surface water flows.The terrestrial carbon (C) cycle is closely linked to hydrological and nutrient controls on vegetation (Betts et al., 2000; Cox et al., 2000). Understanding the coupled terrestrial C and water cycle is required to gain a comprehensive understanding of the role that terrestrial ecosystems play in the global climate change. Much progress has been made in gaining insight of the coupling processes between C and water cycles across a range of time and spatial scales (Pielke Sr, 2001; Friedlingstein et al., 2003; Seneviratne et al., 2006; Betts et al, 2007a,b; Baldocchi, 2008). Since the early 1990s, there has been an increased interest in monitoring of the CO2, water vapor and energy exchange between the atmosphere and terrestrial ecosystems by a variety of methods, such as the eddy-covariance techniques (EC), satellite and other airborne remote sensing, CO2 concentration and isotope measurements. Meanwhile, there are various kinds of models have been developed to better understanding of these processes and for large-

Remote sensing (RS) from satellite and airborne platforms, along with many other sources of land ground-based measurements (e.g., eddy covariance flux tower network, biometric plots, radar network, etc.) is playing and will continue to play a vital role in better understanding the coupled C and water cycle. Satellite RS allows the study of ecosystems from a completely new vantage point, facilitating a holistic perspective like viewing the Earth does for astronauts. Satellite-borne RS offers unique opportunities to parameterize land surface characteristics over large spatial extents at variable spatial and temporal resolutions. While there are challenges relating RS data recorded in radiance or backscatter

**1. Introduction** 

scale C and water budgeting.
