**7. References**

268 Advances in Wavelet Theory and Their Applications in Engineering, Physics and Technology

The relationship of the time elapsed between first and second traveling waves (*telap=tfl-tfd*), has a linear relationship with the distance of fault, this is illustrated in fig 34. This is true when FACTS are or not connected. As this way, the method to calculate de distance to fault using *telap* is a better choice compared with distance to fault obtained by measurement of impedance used in conventional schemes. The relationship between distance to fault and impedance are non linear when FACTS is connected (see fig. 10), while using *telap*, the

Fig. 33. Screen displayed after *AB* fault, in 0.31 s at 300 km from *M1*

Fig. 34. Relationship between time of traveling waves and distance to fault.

after a fault occurs in t=0.3 s at 240 km from *M1*

As mentioned earlier, after the detection and location of fault, MATLAB display a screen that includes time of detection and location of fault. After that, MATLAB send an activation signal to protection relay. Fig. 35 shows the line current signals and *cD1*, obtained before and

distance to fault is easily obtained with (13).


**Part 3** 

**Fault Diagnosis and Monitoring** 

