**8. References**


Computational power has been increased in the last years. This increased processing power allows to develop EA as a practical tool with application in patter recognition, computational intelligence, image processing, automatization, and others. EA's, fuzzy logic and neural networks are called soft computing, because they can deal with problems where there are not a good knowledge of the problem, information is incomplete or inconsistent, or

In this chapter is shown only a single application of EA on fringe pattern demodulation. There still a lot of variations that can be explored to improve the performance of actual

GA based methods have two advantages over regularized phase tracker: they can work on low resolution images and they can follow changes in concavity. These advantages are the

The technique showed in (Toledo, Cuevas 2009), called FPIW, is based in two suppositions: it is not necessary to know the phase on the neighborhood to estimate the phase in a given window, and the estimated phase in a window differ only by its concavity sign and a DC bias, from the real phase in the region framed by the window. As a consequence, the overlapped similarity criterion used in the WFPD (Cuevas et al, 2003) method can be eliminated from the fitness function in the FPIW method. In exchange, FPIW works near

The phase in a given window is estimated without known nothing about the phase in other windows. It is possible to demodulate simultaneously all windows, that is, FPIW method

We acknowledge the support of "Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia" of Mexico, "Consejo de Ciencia y Tecnología del Estado de Guanajuato," and "Centro de Investigaciones en Optica, A.C." We also thanks Mario Ruiz Berganza for his aid proofreading this paper; and thanks to Guillermo Garnica for his invaluable technical support. H. Sossa thanks "Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia" for grant 155014 and

Bäck T, Fogel DB, Michalewicz Z (2000) *Evolutionary computation*. Institute of Physics

Bone, D.J., *Fourier fringe analysis: the two dimensional phase unwrapping problem*, Appl. Opt, 30,

Buckland, J.R., Huntley, J.M., and Turner, S.R.E., *Unwrapping noisy phase maps by use of a* 

*minimum-cost-matching algorithm,* Appl. Opt., Vol. 34, No. 23 (August 1995) pp

described has implicit parallelism. WFPD demodulate the windows sequentially.

consequence of taking upper grade terms in the interpolated function.

Nyquist, but on sub-Nyquist, WFPD is better.

**6. Conclusions** 

algorithms.

are large amount of noise.

**7. Acknowledgments** 

"SIP-IPN" for grant 20121311.

Publishing, Bristol.

3627-3632, 1991,

5100-8.

**8. References** 


The roundwood volume is one of basic parameters at its sale and purchase being indispensable operational information of every saw mill. The tree stem or its part (log) is an irregular body the form and volume of which can be determined by simple operational procedures only approximately. According to possibilities of measurement (conditions, equipment, time consumption etc.), methods of calculation and approach to problems more procedures have been proposed to determine the volume of roundwood. Many of these methods and procedures are used today. In Central Europe, Huber method became most widespread for manual measurements in the forest. The method compares the tree stem to a cylinder. The main advantage of this method consists in the low demands of measurements (diameter – 2 times perpendicular at each other under bark /u.b./ in the centre of the log length, diameter and length accurate to whole centimetres), easy practicability, no special

Lines in log yards of present processing plants are ordinarily equipped with optoelectronic sensors and control systems evaluating virtually continuously the roundwood diameter (by at least 10 cm length) accurate to ±1 to ±2 mm and length accurate to ±1 cm. Also at the electronic measurement and calculation of the log volume on the basis of electronic measurements more procedures are used. Due to results in the determination of a mid diameter or volume electronic procedures are not even consistent with manual methods or with each other and their results do not correspond even to the geometric volume of logs. Different results of measurements are often the reason of doubts about the accuracy (rightness) of measurements reflecting also relationships between suppliers and processors

The aim of the presented paper is the description and analysis of currently used principles of sensing and evaluating the roundwood volume in Central Europe as well as quantification of deviations, which originate due to the use of various method of the determination of roundwood volume at the simultaneous determination of deviations on basic parameters of roundwood (diameter and length). Thus, the paper outlines possibilities

The paper tries to describe comprehensively problems of sensing and evaluating the roundwood dimensions in order mutual relations to be obvious. In the descriptive part, it deals with methods of sensing the log diameter and length, which are used in Central Europe today. The paper mentions also main rules and regulations, which are related to the

to compare results determined according to different procedures.

**1. Introduction** 

of wood.

equipment and sufficient accuracy.

Karel Janák

*Czech Republic* 

*Mendel University Brno,* 

Takeda M, Ina H, Kobayashi S (1982) *Fourier-transform method of fringe-pattern analysis for computer based topography and interferometry.* J Opt Soc Am 72:156. **6** 
