**4.2.2 Determining location**

140 Advanced Topics in Measurements

Also determination of the numbers of objects is important for agricaltural applications. We can determine specicif gravity, thousand grain weight, number of droplets in spraying and etc. For example, the numbers of the droplets on a leaf in pesticide application is an important parameter for determining optimum pesticide usage in agricultural products. Because pesticides effects enviroment and using them in high dozes caused to air, soil and

RGB and CIELab is widely used as a standard spaces for comparing colours. A set of primary colours, such as the sRGB primaries, define a colour triangle; only colours within this triangle can be reproduced by mixing the primary colours. Colours outside the colour triangle are therefore shown here as gray. The primaries and the D65 white point of sRGB

A Lab colour space is a colour-opponent space with dimension L for lightness and a and b for the colour-opponent dimensions, based on nonlinearly colour space coordinates

water pollution.

**4.2 Spesific measurement types** 

are shown in Fig. 5. (Anonymous, 2011c).

Fig. 5. CIExy1931 sRGB gamut (Anonymous, 2011c).

Fig. 6. Lab colour space (Anonymous, 2011c).

(Anonymous, 2011c).

**4.2.1 Colour measurements** 

The location of features was also needed for identify of the results. There are several definitions of location and pixels in an ordinary image For instance, the x,y coordinates of the midpoint of a feature can be determined simply from minimum and maximum limits of the pixels. Normally, starting from the top left corner of the array, the pixel addresses themselves (Fig. 7.). Global coordinate system gives us information about real pixel dimensions values.


Fig. 7. Set of RGB coordinate points.

Machine Vision Measurement Technology and Agricultural Applications 143

Fig. 9. Measurement of apple perimeter (Selection method) by using Myriad Image Analysis

3-D metrics have first been developed for simplification purposes but three-dimensional image assessments causes new challenges (Fig. 11.). There are measurement distortion

Fig. 10. A group of apple and their shape boundaries.

**4.2.6 Three-dimensional measurements** 

Software.
