**7. Conclusion**

Wide Area Measurement Systems (WAMS) is a new opportunity for system operators to monitor, operate, control and protect power systems in wide geographical area. The WAMS combines the data provided by synchrophasor and conventional measurements with the capability of new communication systems in order to obtain dynamic information of the

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entire system. The WAMS process can be divided into the three interconnected subprocesses; data acquisition, data delivery and data processing. These sub-processes are respectively performed by measurement, communication and energy management subsystems. Each sub-system has different tasks to perform on system data. As a result, it is definitely important that the functions and the equipments of these sub-systems are deeply investigated from data point of view.

This chapter has extensively reviewed the equipments and the functions of each subprocess, separately. It has been shown that WAMS contributes monitoring systems to shift from the "data acquisition" systems to the "dynamic information" systems. Dynamic information of power systems helps power system operators to overcome generation, operation and planning challenges that may be resulted from system restructuring. Furthermore, it has also been shown that from the big generators to the small home equipments, WAMS systems are capable of monitoring and controlling various functions in real time. It can be concluded that in modern power systems, WAMS is an essential part of power system operation and control.

In particular, this chapter shows that dynamic information of power systems, as a result of WAMS implementation; contributes system operators to make better decisions for system operation and planning. However, in addition to the power systems, dynamic information of any interconnected system (e.g. natural gas pipelines) helps system operators/administrators to reduce operational cost and increase efficiency of such interconnected systems. Consequently, WAMS concepts may be also generalized to other interconnected systems in order to form a dynamic information system and to deliver system data to the related applications in real time.

As a conclusion, it can be stated that although the WAMS was firstly introduced to the power systems in order to obtain dynamic information of such systems, it can also be well established in other critical infrastructures (e.g. natural gas, petroleum, water supply, emergency services, telecommunication and etc.) to operate, monitor and control such infrastructures.
