**7. Conclusion**

As has been mentioned above, a non-destructive measurement can perform in many areas by using FT-IR. And, Infrared spectroscopy can be measured in quickly, non-contact, nondestructive. Therefore, various sensors will be able to develop by devise of measurement method and analysis method. Infrared spectroscopy can measure liquids and gases. In

**7** 

Shu Morioka *Kio University* 

*Japan* 

**Brain Activity and Movement Cognition –** 

Feedback information on movement from the musculoskeletal system plays an important role in appropriate control of movement as well as acquisition of new movements. Especially, information on limb movement and location of the movement conveyed from the musculoskeletal system to the brain is assumed to play an essential role in the creation of a body image in the brain. When human limbs actually move, multiple pieces of sensory information are input into the brain by the skin, muscles, joints, etc. Information from muscle spindles has been demonstrated to be most important for cognition of limb

A sense of movement can be intentionally aroused by imposing vibratory stimulus to the tendon, regardless of whether actual movement takes place. Such stimulation makes muscle spindles discharge signals as afferent impulses toward the brain. A human recipient of these impulses feels movement of the body in an illusion through perception of muscle extension. (Fig. 1)1) This illusion is elicited mainly by activation of Ia fibers from the muscle spindle. In usual movements, muscle spindles are activated as the muscle is extended. Therefore, if vibratory stimulus activates muscle spindles, information on movement is conveyed to the brain as if the muscle were extended. Hence, a subject can experience limb movement during vibratory stimulation of the tendon despite the absence of actual limb movement. Specifically, tendon stimulation by vibration can induce a sense of movement in the absence of real movement. If brain activity at that moment can be detected, it is possible to study

In fact, it was demonstrated that the motor area contralateral to the stimulated limb was activated when illusory hand joint extension was produced by vibratory stimulation of the hand extensor tendon.3) It was, however, reported that the brain was predominantly active in the right hemisphere irrespective of which hand was stimulated as far as premotor and parietal areas were concerned.4) Such vibratory stimulation-based illusory movementinduced activity of the brain is nearly identical to that occurring during real movement; this is especially true of premotor and supplementary motor areas, the cerebellum, and the parietal lobe.5) On the other hand, when the hand extensor tendon is stimulated with vibration while an object is being held by the hand, an illusory sense of both hand flexion

**1. Introduction** 

movement.1,2)

brain activity at the time movement is perceived.

**Vibratory Stimulation-Induced** 

**Illusions of Movements** 

addition, infrared spectroscopy can also detect very small concentrations and small quantities such as invisible. So, you will be able to be developed a better measurement systems and sensors that measure did not previously exist.

Challenges of Infrared Spectroscopy, is miniaturization or lighter or less expensive. In the now, these challenges are resolved in the near infrared wavelength range. However, in the mid-infrared wavelength range has not yet been resolved. This is a challenge must be overcome if you want to commercialization. However, if you will be successfully to size down, would be used as more advanced sensors. By using infrared spectroscopy, it will be developed a sensor that can measure accurately than current sensors. We want to propose, the Infrared spectroscopy is not just equipment but can be applied to a variety of measurements. We are wishing, in the future, infrared spectroscopy research will be expanded, and, FT-IR become more familiar measuring device. If that era will be arrival, the people would be receiving significant benefits from the infrared spectroscopy.

## **8. References**

Aishima, T. (1992). *Chemometrics*, Maruzen, ISBN 4-621-03721-8, Tokyo, Japan

