**8. References**

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© 2013 Sachs et al., licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2013 Sachs et al., licensee InTech. This is a paper distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

**HaLoS – Integrated RF-Hardware** 

**Components for Ultra-Wideband** 

Stefan Heinen, Ralf Wunderlich, Markus Robens, Jürgen Sachs, Martin Kmec, Robert Weigel, Thomas Ußmüller, Benjamin Sewiolo, Mohamed Hamouda,

Ultra-Wideband (UWB) sensors exploit very weak electromagnetic waves within the lower microwave range for sounding the objects or processes of interest. The interaction of electromagnetic waves with matter provides interesting options to gain information from a great deal of different scenarios. To mention only a few, it enables the assessment of the state of building materials and constructions, the investigation of biological tissue, the detection and localization of persons buried by rubble after an earthquake or unauthorized people hidden behind walls, and much more [1]. The advantage of such methods consists in their non-destructive and continuously running measurement procedure which may work

Sensors applying electromagnetic interactions with the test object have been in use for a long time. However, most of such sensors are restricted to a relatively narrow bandwidth and, consequently, they can provide only a small amount of information about the test object. Sophisticated data processing supposed, UWB sensors may be able to provide more information and, therefore, to reduce ambiguities which are inherently part of indirect

Depending on the actual tasks, the requirements on the sensing system may be quite different, such as the optimum operational frequency band, measurement speed, sensitivity, system costs, reliability, power consumption etc. There are several UWB sensing principles known, each having specific advantages and disadvantages. Generally, one can state that the usability of UWB-sensors will be largely improved with increasing degree of system

Rolf Kraemer, Johann-Christoph Scheytt and Yevgen Borokhovych

**Localization and Sensing** 

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/54987

at high speed and in contactless fashion.

measurement methods such as electromagnetic sensing.

**1. Introduction** 
