**Author details**

22 Will-be-set-by-IN-TECH

number of players. The network throughput obtained without PRC rapidly collapses<sup>12</sup> as the number of source nodes grows. This is comprehensible, since pulse collisions (and therewith bit errors, see Figure 9(b)) augment as the offered pulse load increases. In contrast, the interference compensation effect of the PRC approach under increasing offered load can be well observed. Notice how the PRC algorithm is able to limit the system pulse load to a level

Figures 9(c) and 9(d) depict results in the factory hall scenario with low to moderate pulse load and time-varying number of players. Notice that the regulative effect of the PRC approach (see Figure 7) limits the maximum possible cumulative network throughput, while ALOHA with fixed *prf* cannot guarantee the design QoS constraint and breaks down as the information data

This chapter introduces a novel concept for impulsive interference management in low power, autonomous, IR-UWB networks. The concept enables concurrent transmissions at full power, while allowing each source to independently adapt its pulse rate (measured in pulses per second) to reduce the impact of pulse collisions at nearby receivers. The design is independent of a particular modulation scheme and can be applied to any IR-UWB physical layer. Beyond, it does not rely on any particular receiver technique and can work with a simple, low cost,

The chapter formulates and evaluates the pulse rate allocation problem as a social rate optimisation problem with QoS constraints. It introduces a distributed algorithm implementation and analyses its performance via simulation. It has been analytically proven that the game ΓPRC fits the framework of ordinal potential games, and that the NE is unique. In all considered scenarios, simulation results have confirmed the existence of an equilibrium for the game and that the distributed PRC algorithm converges to it, provided that the pricing

We can conclude that distributed Pulse Rate Control is an appropriate means for impulsive interference management and network throughput optimisation with QoS constraints in highly loaded IR-UWB networks with a common central receiver. In [16] the author extends the work presented here and investigates the applicability of distributed PRC as well as its combination with adaptive channel coding in peer-to-peer networks, i.e. with multiple uncoordinated receivers and without any hierarchical infrastructure. Moreover she investigates a low-complexity, heuristic, alternative algorithm to the one proposed in this chapter that is more suitable for embedded hardware implementations, as preferred in the

The author thanks Prof. K. Jobmann, Prof. M. G. di Benedetto and Ralf Luebben for their

valuable support to complete the work presented in this chapter.

<sup>12</sup> The design QoS constraint can only be guaranteed when the number of active links is below 4.

that ensures the QoS constraint.

rate per link increases to 30 kbit/s.

**4. Summary and conclusions**

parameters have been appropriately chosen.

non-coherent receiver.

design of sensor networks.

**Acknowledgements**

### Pérez Guirao María Dolores

*Institute of Communications Technology (IKT), Leibniz Universitaet Hannover (LUH), Hanover, Germany*
