**Author details**

46 Will-be-set-by-IN-TECH

photographs in Fig. 56 allowing a rough evaluation of the localization result. By applying the localization method of Sec. 3.4.2 based on the evaluation of 3D wavefronts inside of the medium, an estimated position of the transmitter of (*x*,*y*,*z*) = (3.0 cm,-18.4 cm,18.5 cm) is calculated. Even though an exact verification of the antenna position inside of the liquid is difficult, the manually measured *z*-distance of 18.5 cm between the transmitter and the receiver agrees with the estimated beacon position. In the photographs of Fig. 56 the receiver antenna is positioned at the *x*- and *y*-position closest to the beacon antenna in the container. These known sensor coordinates of (3 cm,-19 cm) also coincide well with the estimated beacon position. In case of a convex surface like the fish bowl an even better localization can be expected when using a circular or spherical arrangement of the receivers around the medium,

Due to the high attenuation of signals transmitted through tissue-mimicking liquid we can only localize positions close to the container surface. In our measurements the signal-to-noise ratio of impulses running through more than 3 cm of tissue-mimicking liquid became too low to be detected. One possible way to increase the maximum transmitter distance from the surface would be the use of a cascade of multiple amplifiers to realize a higher transmitter power output. Regarding the optimization of signal processing an approach based on compressed sensing is investigated to cope with lower signal-to-noise ratios at the receiver

In this chapter, novel hardware components, algorithms, systems and possible approaches in the field of UWB radar and communications for biomedical applications have been presented. Three novel UWB antenna concepts have been introduced targeting different tasks in the medical field. For communication purposes, a circular slot antenna excited with a dipole element has been presented. Its novel differential feeding concept suppresses parasitic radiation by cable currents on the feed lines. In a new concept for applications requiring directive antennas with small beamwidths, a dielectric rod has been added to the circular slot antenna, resulting in a compact and easy-to-fabricate antenna with a high mean gain of 8.7 dBi. Furthermore, a miniaturized UWB slot antenna, optimized for the radiation in human

A flexible, differential chipset using Si/SiGe HBT technology for IR-UWB applications has been presented. On the transmit side, a low power impulse generator based on cross-coupled LC oscillator is successfully realized. It generates ns-duration and stable impulses with a spectrum well fitting the FCC mask. This impulse generator has been successfully extended to include tunability to the FCC, ECC and Japanese UWB masks as well as a biphase modulation function. On the receive side, an energy detection receiver optimized for simple on-off keying communications and a correlation detection receiver for short range radar applications have been presented. Both receivers are based on a fully differential UWB low-noise amplifier and a four-quadrant RF multiplier which performs either squaring or multiplication operations. Using the aforementioned components, two bistatic radar systems, a single-ended and a differential configuration, have been built. Their performance has been demonstrated in a

instead of a planar arrangement.

[34].

**5. Conclusion**

tissue has been designed.

setup for vital sign detection.

Dayang Lin, Michael Mirbach, Thanawat Thiasiriphet, Jürgen Lindner, Wolfgang Menzel and Hermann Schumacher *Ulm University, Germany*

Mario Leib

*EADS Deutschland GmbH, Division Cassidian, Ulm, Germany*

Bernd Schleicher *TriQuint Semiconductor GmbH, Munich, Germany*
