**2. Antenna de-embedding for in-body applications**

From an electromagnetic point of view the human body consists of a large number of lossy dielectric materials of various combinations and spacial arrangements. In case of an in-body scenario the antenna is integrated into this complex dielectric structure and along an arbitrary propagation path various electromagnetic propagation effects occur. However, the most dominant effect is the attenuation of the propagating wave due to the lossy character of human tissues, see Figure 1. Furthermore, it has been shown that the average attenuation through the inhomogeneous tissue structure can be described for some scenarios by an equivalent homogeneous medium with appropriate properties [1]. In this case the analogy between the in-body and free space scenario enables an evident description of the related antenna far field. For this purpose the basic assumption of an isotropic point source is generalized for a lossy dielectric medium.
