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434 Ultra-Wideband Radio Technologies for Communications, Localization and Sensor Applications

The most relevant RF components of a pseudo-noise sensor cover the test signal generation (i.e. pseudo noise code), the analog handling of the receive signals, and the high-speed conversion of the analog signals to the digital domain. Device concepts suited for these tasks are discussed in sections 3 to 5. Due to special requirements set by the application and the applied semiconductor technology, innovative solutions are presented. Among those are a distributed power amplifier with a novel cascode gain cell, new subtraction amplifiers, an analog-to-digital converter with a new reference network, and a high-speed predictor. Also, appropriate verification schemes are presented. A final section referring to implemented devices as they were applied in other UoKoLoS-projects suggests some first steps toward a

 data processing in the time and frequency domain, device calibrations as usually with network analyzers, high-range precision and super-resolution capabilities, and

excellent micro Doppler performance.

fully integrated pseudo-noise sensor device.

*RWTH Aachen University, Germany* 

*Ilmenau University of Technology, Germany* 

*Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen, Germany* 

*Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus, Germany* 

Jürgen Sachs and Martin Kmec

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**Chapter 0**

**Chapter 15**

**UWB in Medicine – High Performance UWB**

Menzel, Hermann Schumacher, Mario Leib and Bernd Schleicher

**Range Communications**

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/55078

**1. Introduction**

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

cited.

**Systems for Biomedical Diagnostics and Short**

Dayang Lin, Michael Mirbach, Thanawat Thiasiriphet, Jürgen Lindner, Wolfgang

This chapter presents scientific achievements in the field of UWB radar and communication systems for biomedical applications. These contributions focus on low-power MMIC designs, novel antenna structures and competitive approaches for communication and imaging.

The first section describes components for UWB radar sensors and communication systems, namely antennas and integrated circuits. Novel broadband antenna concepts for UWB radar and communication applications are presented. Symmetrical UWB antenna structures for free space propagation with improved performance compared to existing antennas regarding radiation pattern stability over frequency are designed, realized and successfully characterized. Novel differential feeding concepts are applied, suppressing parasitic radiation by cable currents on feed lines. For applications such as communication with implants and catheter localization, a miniaturized antenna optimized for radiation in human tissue is designed. The radiation characteristics of the antenna are measured using an automated setup embedded in a liquid consisting of sugar and water, mimicking the dielectric properties of biological tissue. For UWB radar transmitters, a differential and low-power impulse generator IC is realized addressing the FCC spectral mask based on a quenched cross-coupled LC oscillator. The total power consumption is only 6 mW at an impulse repetition rate of 100 MHz. By adding a simple phase control circuit setting the start-up phase condition of the LC oscillator, an impulse generator with a bi-phase modulation scheme is achieved. A further modification introduces a variable width of the pulse envelope as well as a variable oscillation frequency. The corresponding spectra have controllable 10 dB bandwidths and center frequencies fitting the different spectral allocations in the USA, Europe and Japan. On the receiver side, both a fully differential correlation-based and an energy detection receiver for the 3.1-10.6 GHz band are designed. Monostatic UWB radar systems require

> ©2013 Mirbach et al., licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly

©2013 Mirbach et al., licensee InTech. This is a paper distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

