**Author details**

Nossek Josef A., Mezghani Amine and Michel T. Ivrlaˇc *Institute for Circuit Theory and Signal Processing, Technische Universität München, Germany*

Russer Peter, Mukhtar Farooq, Russer Johannes A. and Yordanov Hristomir *Institute for Nanoelectronics, Technische Universität München, Germany*

Noll Tobias and Korb Matthias

*Chair of Electrical Engineering and Computer Systems, RWTH Aachen University, Germany*

## **6. References**


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30 Will-be-set-by-IN-TECH

have be developed, which allow for an informative analysis of elementary trade-offs between throughput, required chip area, and power consumption. This work has been supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG) under the priority program UKoLoS (SPP1202).

*Institute for Circuit Theory and Signal Processing, Technische Universität München, Germany*

*Chair of Electrical Engineering and Computer Systems, RWTH Aachen University, Germany*

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*Institute for Nanoelectronics, Technische Universität München, Germany*

**Author details**

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**Non-Coherent UWB Communications**

The use of ultra wide band (UWB) signals can offer many advantages for communications. It can provide a very robust performance even under harsh multipath and interference conditions, the capability of precision ranging and a reduced power consumption. Since the power spectral density is very low, it is possible to overlay UWB networks with already

**Chapter 4**

Early UWB concepts for communications have almost exclusively relied on impulse radio, where the whole available bandwidth, i.e., up to 7.5 GHz, is covered at once by means of very short pulses which are generated with a low duty cycle. Meanwhile, a bandwidth of 7.5 GHz is only available in the US [1, 3]. In Europe, the spectrum which is available with the same transmit power spectral density of -41.3 dBm/MHz ranges only from 6.0 to 8.5 GHz [4], if no detect and avoid techniques are applied1. A potential UWB system has therefore to be able to

This is a small value, but fortunately UWB systems may exploit the signal energy very efficiently because firstly, even at data rates in the Gbps range, it is not required to use bandwidth efficient (but energy inefficient) modulation schemes like a 1024-QAM. Secondly,

For a measured indoor channel [7], Fig. 1 shows that even a bandwidth of 'only' 500 MHz ensures a very good fading resistance: If the receiver is moved over all *x*-*y*-positions in the non-LOS case, the smallest power value at the receive antenna lies less than 3 dB below the mean power, averaged over all positions. Thus the fading margin could be chosen in the order

The second energy efficiency argument claimed above is underpinned in Fig. 2. It shows the channel capacity depending on the bandwidth, where additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) is assumed. A value of 83 MHz just corresponds to the total bandwidth available in the 2.4 GHz ISM band, which is chosen for comparison. At 1 Gbps, a 2.5 GHz bandwidth promises an advantage of 25 dB with respect to the required receive-power. Furthermore, even binary

> ©2013 Song et al., licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0),which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly

©2013 Song et al., licensee InTech. This is a paper distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

of 3-4 dB — even for indoor channels which exhibit the largest coherence bandwidth.

modulation (on the inphase and quadrature components) promises high data rates.

<sup>1</sup> With detect and avoid techniques, -41.3 dBm/MHz is also permitted between 4.2 and 4.8 GHz.

Nuan Song, Mike Wolf and Martin Haardt

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/53219

existing non-UWB emissions.

**1. Introduction**

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

'live' with a mean transmit power of less than -7.3 dBm.

UWB transmission benefits from a good fading resistance.

cited.
