A. R. Naseer

280 Wireless Sensor Networks – Technology and Protocols

adopt the aging approach with some detailed modifications.

Energy balancing raises an issue of optimization, as well.

an indicator to understand the flaws or plus points in the rating system.

DRBTS [74].

**6. Conclusion** 

trust-based systems. It was first introduced in the field by Josang and Ismail [65]. Since then, many researchers have used the beta distribution including Ganeriwal and Srivastava [2] and Buchegger and Boudec [64]. In CRATER, however, we are using a simpler approach similar to the exponential average weighting. This is similar to the approach proposed in

When the weighing approach is used, an important issue in maintaining and updating reputation is how past and current information is weighted. For example, CORE tends to give more weight to the past observations assuming that a current observation should have a lower impact on a "greatly built history". On the other hand, RFSN tends to give more weight to recent observations based on the issue of aging. Aging means that we give higher weights to recent observations such that if you behave well you will survive more. As a result, malicious node will be enforced to reduce their attack to survive. In CRATER, we

Up to our knowledge, there is no simple and global technique that can independently and efficiently evaluate reputation systems or rating components in the context of WSN and ad hoc networks as compared to our proposed technique, RESISTOR. However, the work in [61] proposes an attempt on comparing reputation systems quantitatively based on game theory. The authors, thus, identify different notions of reputation systems like, contextualization, personalization, individual and group reputation, and, direct and indirect reputation. But, it is more complicated than RESISTOR. Moreover, RESISTOR can be used as

The problem of secure routing in WSN is an important area of research that has various aspects of considerations. One important direction under this area is to provide security mechanisms against behavioral related attacks. In this chapter, a comprehensive treatment of the Reputation system based Trust-Enabled Routing framework for wireless sensor networks is provided. We have highlighted the importance of Trust-Aware Routing considering the different network aspects and special conditions of WSN. We have provided a comprehensive review and an in-depth discussion of different Reputation system based Trust-Aware routing approaches highlighting their pros and cons. In our proposed work, we investigated reputation based systems as a promising solution for behavioral related routing security problems. The work developed a new reputation system called SNARE (Sensor Node Attached Reputation Evaluator)[82] that is designed to meet WSN conditions and constraints. This system is divided into three components; i.e. monitoring, rating and response components. Each component is designed with the features that make it possible to apply and then optimize for WSN applications and conditions. In the response component, an enhanced trust aware routing protocol was proposed, called GETAR(Geographic, Energy & Trust Aware Routing). Simulation results showed that this enhanced protocol performs well in terms of increasing packet delivery ratio with tradeoffs in terms of energy balancing. *Principal and Professor of Computer Science & Engineering, Jyothishmathi Institute of Technology & Science (JITS), Affiliated to Jawarharlal Nehru Technological University(JNTU) Hyderabad, India* 
