**6. Modelling bolts under lateral loading**

An extensive series of laboratory tests to analyse the bending behaviour of fully grouted bolts in different strength rock, bolt pre-tension and thickness of resin were carried out. Three governing materials (steel, grout, and rock) with two interfaces (bolt-grout and groutrock) were considered for 3D numerical simulation.

By this three dimensional FEM, the characteristics of elasto - plastic materials and contact interfaces are simulated. Numerical modelling in different strength rock (20, 40, 50 and 80 MPa) and different pre-tension loads (0, 20, 50, and 80 kN) were carried out and the results were analysed. As the output results were large, only the main results of 0 and 80 kN pretension are presented here.

**Figure 9.** Geometry of the model and mesh generation

**Figure 8.** Target 170 geometry (Ansys 2012)

tension are presented here.

**6. Modelling bolts under lateral loading** 

3D Line-Line

Surface to Surface Contact Elements

rock) were considered for 3D numerical simulation.

An extensive series of laboratory tests to analyse the bending behaviour of fully grouted bolts in different strength rock, bolt pre-tension and thickness of resin were carried out. Three governing materials (steel, grout, and rock) with two interfaces (bolt-grout and grout-

Contact Elements 3D Line-Surface

Target 170

Node to Surface Contact Element

Contact Elements

Target Segment Elements

By this three dimensional FEM, the characteristics of elasto - plastic materials and contact interfaces are simulated. Numerical modelling in different strength rock (20, 40, 50 and 80 MPa) and different pre-tension loads (0, 20, 50, and 80 kN) were carried out and the results were analysed. As the output results were large, only the main results of 0 and 80 kN pre-

**Figure 10.** Load-deflection in 80 kN pretension bolt load and 40 MPa concrete
