**6. References**

	- Tsai, C. L. , Park, S. C. & Cheng, W. T. (1999). Welding Distortion of a Thin-Plate Panel Structure, Welding Research Supplement, 156-165.

**Chapter 25** 

© 2012 Jalalifar and Aziz, licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2012 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution,

**Numerical Simulation** 

Hossein Jalalifar and Naj Aziz

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/48287

**1. Introduction** 

**2. FE in ANSYS** 

**of Fully Grouted Rock Bolts** 

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

and strains developed in the bolt and surrounding materials.

mass. The simulations were carried out by ANSYS code.

This chapter describes the application of numerical modelling to civil and mining projects, particularly rock bolting, developing a Final Element (FE) model for the bolt, grout, rock, and two interfaces under axial and lateral loading, verifying the model, analysing the stress

Numerical methods are the most versatile computational methods for various engineering disciplines because a structure is discritised into small elements and the constitutive equations that describe the individual elements and their interactions are constructed. Finally, these numerous equations are solved together simultaneously using computers. The results from this procedure include the stress distribution and displacement pattern within a structure. Numerical modelling includes analytical techniques such as finite elements, boundary elements, distinct elements, and other numerical approaches that depend upon the material. The finite element method "FEM" is considered to evaluate the behaviour of materials and their interactions in a fully grouted bolt which is installed in a jointed rock

ANSYS is a powerful non-linear simulation tool, *Bhashyam.G.R* (2002).The ANSYS software is a commercial FE analysis programme, which has been in use for more than thirty years, *Pool et al.* (2003). The software can analyse the stress and strain built up in a variety of

The original code developed around a direct frontal solver has been expanded over the years to include full featured pre and post processing capabilities which support a

and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

problems, especially designing roof bolts and long wall support systems.

Zacharia, T. , Vitek, J. M. , Goldak, J. A. , DebRoy, T. A. , Rappaz, M. & Bhadeshia, H. K. D. H. (1995). Modeling of Fundamental Phenomena in Welds, Modelling Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng. , Vol. 3, 265-288.
