**2. FE in ANSYS**

ANSYS is a powerful non-linear simulation tool, *Bhashyam.G.R* (2002).The ANSYS software is a commercial FE analysis programme, which has been in use for more than thirty years, *Pool et al.* (2003). The software can analyse the stress and strain built up in a variety of problems, especially designing roof bolts and long wall support systems.

The original code developed around a direct frontal solver has been expanded over the years to include full featured pre and post processing capabilities which support a

comprehensive list of analytical capabilities including linear static analysis, multiple nonlinear analyses, modal analysis, contact interface analyses and many other types.

Numerical Simulation of Fully Grouted Rock Bolts 609

Two nodes are connected to the bolt and six to the rock mass. The use of boundary element and FE techniques to analyse the stress and deformation along the bolt was conducted by Peng and Guo (1992) (Figure 3). The effect of the face plate was replaced by a boundary element. The effect of reinforcement because of the assumption of perfect bonding was

**Figure 1.** FE Simulation of bolted rock mass (after Hollingshead, 1971)

**Figure 2.** Three-Dimensional rock bolt element (after John and Dillen, 1983)

overestimated.

Rock

Grout

Bolt

In this chapter only structural analysis is considered. Structural analyses are available in the ANSYS Multiphysics, ANSYS Mechanical, ANSYS Structural, and ANSYS Professional programmes only. Statistical analysis is used to determine displacement and stress and strain under static loading conditions (both linear and non-linear statistical analyses). Nonlinearity can include plasticity, stress stiffening, large deflection, large strain, hyperelasticity, contact surfaces, and creep behaviour.
