**9.1. Mesh preparation**

Prior to CFD simulation, computational mesh of cylinder was generated with Kiva-Prep (preprocessor for mesh generation for KIVA-3V main code). The geometry of a mesh is composed of one block. Fig. 5 shows the grid configuration of porous tube, About 300000 grids were generated for computational studies.

**Figure 5.** Computational mesh for the CFD calculation
