**9. References**


Fu JianXun, Li Jingshe, Zhang Hui, Zhang Xingzhng, Mechanism of broadening of slab in the secondary cooling zone of continuous casting. SCIENCE CHINA- Technological Sciences. 54 (2011), No.5: 1228–1233,

**Chapter 24** 

© 2012 Syahroni and Hidayat, licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2012 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution,

**3D Finite Element Simulation of T-Joint Fillet** 

Due to the nature of welding process involving localized heat generation from moving heat source (s), rapid heating in the welded structures, and subsequent rapid cooling, problems such as residual stresses and distortions of welded structures remain great challenges to welding practitioners, designers and modeler. From modeling point of view, it will be very useful if the parameters of interest which contribute to the residual stresses and distortions in various types of welded joint and structure application can be simulated numerically so that welding performance with respect to the various aspects could be assessed and evaluated in an efficient manner (Goldak & Akhlagi, 2005; Lindgren, 2006; and Zacharia et al., 1995). Thorough consideration and assessment of the welding quality could then also be performed in earlier stage in a virtual environment. Moreover, dimensional inaccuracies due to the welding deformation giving rise problems in subsequent assembly and fabrication

processes could also be predicted along with the necessary justification needed.

In recent years, various aspects and interests in the numerical modeling of welding residual stresses and distortions, mostly using finite element method, have been elaborated by researchers. Teng & Lin (1998) predicted the residual stresses during one-pass arc welding in steel plate using ANSYS software and discussed the effects of travel speed, specimen size, external mechanical constraints and preheating on the residual stresses. Tsai et al. (1999) studied the distortion mechanisms and the effect of welding sequence on panel distortion and utilized 2D finite element model. Residual stresses and distortions in T-joint fillet welds with the effects of flange thickness, welding penetration depth and restraint condition of welding was simulated by Teng et al. (2001) using thermal elasto-plastic finite element

and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

**Weld: Effect of Various Welding Sequences** 

**on the Residual Stresses and Distortions** 

Nur Syahroni and Mas Irfan Purbawanto Hidayat

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

http://dx. doi. org/10. 5772/50192

**1. Introduction** 

