**4. Real gas turbine power plant**

The reference plant for this simulator is the unit 5 of "El Sauz", located in México. The nominal electric power is 150 MW and the plant is a pack generation unit Econopac 501F from Westinghouse. Generally speaking, this unit is formed for the gas turbine, the generator and auxiliary systems. It uses a system of low nitrogen oxide emissions DLN2 (Dry Low NOx - 2). The plant is designed to operate in an open cycle with natural gas.

Typically, a gas turbine power plant unit is based on the kinetic energy resulting from the expansion of compressed air and combustion gases. Resulting gases are directed over the turbine's blades, spinning the turbine, and mechanically powering the compressor and rotating the generator resulting in the production of electricity. After working in the turbine, the combustion gases are discharged directly into the atmosphere. In Figure 7, a simplified diagram of a gas turbine power plant process is shown.

simulator is capable of getting the automatic snapshooting function, every 15 seconds and

Simulation speed. From the beginning of the simulation session the simulator is executed in real time, but the instructor may execute the simulator up to ten times faster or ten times

Malfunctions. It is used to introduce, modify, or remove a simulated failure of plant equipment. For the case of the gas turbine simulator, there are 98 available malfunctions. Examples of malfunctions are: pumps trips, heat exchanger tubes breaking, heaters fouling, and valves obstructions. For the binary malfunctions (like trips), the instructor has the option to define its time delay and its permanence time. For analogical malfunctions (like percentage of a rupture), besides the mentioned time parameters, the instructor may define

Remote functions*.* The instructor has the option to simulate the operative actions not related with actions on the plant performed from the control screens. These actions are associated with the local actions made in the plant by auxiliary workers. Examples of them are: to open/close valves and to turn on/off pumps or fans. There are more than 200 of them and

External parameters. The external conditions such as: atmospheric pressure and temperature (dry and wet bulb), voltage and frequency of the external system, fuel

Repetition. Simulation session may be repeated, exactly as operated by the trainees, including the trainer actions, as many times as the instructor considers it necessary. An

Automatic exercises. This is a function that allows to create a file indicating a series of instructor functions to be automatically tripped along the simulation scenario in defined times. Development tools. The simulator has implemented some others helpful tools to use during simulation session development, for example: to monitor and change on line the value of any selected list of global variables, tabulate any selected list of variables and plot them.

The reference plant for this simulator is the unit 5 of "El Sauz", located in México. The nominal electric power is 150 MW and the plant is a pack generation unit Econopac 501F from Westinghouse. Generally speaking, this unit is formed for the gas turbine, the generator and auxiliary systems. It uses a system of low nitrogen oxide emissions DLN2 (Dry Low NOx - 2). The plant is designed to operate in an open cycle with natural gas.

Typically, a gas turbine power plant unit is based on the kinetic energy resulting from the expansion of compressed air and combustion gases. Resulting gases are directed over the turbine's blades, spinning the turbine, and mechanically powering the compressor and rotating the generator resulting in the production of electricity. After working in the turbine, the combustion gases are discharged directly into the atmosphere. In Figure 7, a simplified

they may have time and intensity degree parameters as instructor options.

composition, gas fuel delivery pressure, etc. can be modified by the instructor.

may be configured up to a frequency of 10 minutes.

both intensity degree and evolution time.

action registration is the basis for this function.

**4. Real gas turbine power plant** 

diagram of a gas turbine power plant process is shown.

slower than real time.

Fig. 7. Simplified diagram of a gas turbine power plant.
