**6. Conclusion**

In this chapter, fabric sensorial comfort which has been studied by many researchers since the early 1900s, was dealt with in detail. As the studies are analyzed, it can be stated that, the previous studies generally focus on subjective evaluation whereas, in the last decades new objective evaluation methods and techniques simulating human tactile feeling and prediction methods are developed. It seems, as being an interesting research area, sensorial comfort will continue to attract the attention of researchers in the future.

### **7. References**


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**10** 

*Poland* 

**Microbial Degradation of Woven Fabrics** 

The textile industry is one of the most important and fastest developing industries in the world. An significant problem encountered by manufacturers is that of ensuring that the fabrics produced are of suitable quality and durability. Particular attention needs to be paid

In favourable conditions these can rapidly destroy material, rendering it entirely unusable

In 1960, in the UK, annual losses due to biological degradation of cotton fibres were put at 110 000 tonnes of cotton, which at time was 1% of output (Howard & Mc Cord). According to estimates by Hueck-van der Plas (1971), the process of biodeterioration affected 2% of

At the start of the 21st century annual world consumption of unwoven fabrics (for practical and technical uses) stood at 46 million tonnes, of which synthetics and cotton accounted for 49% and 42% respectively (with an upward trend in subsequent years), wool for 5%, and other fabrics 4% (linen, sisal, silk and others, with a downward trend) (Central Statistical Office Yearbooks – *Roczniki GUS*, Poland 2008). If 2% of the global value of fibre production is assumed, the

Not all losses can have a price attached to them: museum fabrics are particularly rapidly damaged by microorganisms, and the artistic and cultural value of these items cannot be

Microorganisms which attack textile products not only have a destructive effect, but also pose a significant danger to human health. Particularly dangerous are the pathogenic microorganisms present on fabrics which come into direct contact with the human body, such as on dressings and surgical masks; this may lead to skin infection, and even heart

It is a significant challenge for manufacturers to produce fabrics with antimicrobial properties – namely bioactive fabrics, containing biocides to provide protection against

problem of microbiological decomposition may affect 920 000 tonnes of fabric annually.

to the destructive action of microorganisms present in the environment.

annual production of natural and artificial fibres (Zyska, 1977).

**1. Introduction** 

recreated.

disorders and pneumonia.

pathogenic microorganisms.

and causing substantial economic losses.

**and Protection Against Biodegradation** 

Beata Gutarowska1 and Andrzej Michalski2

*Institute of Technology Fermentation and Microbiology, Lodz, 2Spółdzielnia Inwalidów ZGODA, Konstantynów Łódzki,* 

*1Technical University of Lodz,* 


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