**4.1.3 Process shrinkages on the warp and weft directions**

Fabric shrinkages of PET on the warp and weft directions in the each step on the dyeing and finishing processes were calculated using warp and weft fabric densities as equation (1) and (2) shown in bellows.

Warp shrinkage (%)

64 Woven Fabrics

Weaving tensions on 7 kinds of weaving machines were measured using Dafat tension meter which is shown in Fig. 4. Measured position was between tension roller and drop wire on the loom. Various yarn tensions on the each heald frame from 1st to 5th were

Yarn tension along full width of each loom was also measured on the 5th heald frame from left side to right on the back of the loom. The weaving efficiency in each loom was measured

At the upper state of the heald frame, the distance from the fixed guide of heald frame to the upper line of frame is the amount of upper shedding, the lowest state of the heald frame is

The warp movement is calculated by the difference between the amount of upper shedding

**4. Measurement and assessment 4.1 Assessment in the weaving process** 

measured at the vicinity of the center of loom.

by number of end breaks both warp and weft per 100,000 picks.

**4.1.1 Warp and weft tensions** 

Fig. 4. DEFAT tension meter

Fig. 5. Diagram of shed amount

the amount of lower shedding.

**4.1.2 Measurement of shed amount** 

and lower shedding, which is shown in Fig. 5.

