**4. Constraints in implementation the energy management practice**

The administrative personnel may feel that finding previous energy bills and equipment manuals is extra work. If the future data (bill) on electricity and oil is obtained from normal administrative work (reporting), this would not be the case. The need for energy efficiency, both for economic and environmental reasons, has never been greater. The International Energy Outlook 2000 [30], predicts that energy consumption will increase by 60% over period 1997 to 2020. Energy use worldwide will continue to grow at an average annual rate of 1.1%, and by 2020 the world consumption will rise from (380) quadrillion British thermal units (Btu) in 1997 to (608) quadrillion Btu in 2020, as shown in Figure 5.

Tools and Solution for Energy Management 89

they can support and integrate the activities involved in energy management. With respect to environmental impact and economics, the ability to make well founded decisions regarding energy consumption and supply is of the utmost importance. This requires some means to assess the current performance and agreed targets against which to judge

Energy efficiency practices could the solution to ensure energy is available to satisfy all demands, to ensure energy is used and supplied with minimal cost/ environmental impact and to ensure energy is not wasted. The challenge of achieving these targets is the driving force for the development of computer-based energy management tools that enable users to understand how energy is consumed within their properties and how they can improve the use of energy resources for effective task processing [34-40]. The Energy Efficiency Initiative, a report published by the IEA, Danish Energy Agency and the Energy Charter 1999, identified four most essential elements of a normal framework for effective energy policies.

i. Focus market interest on energy efficiency Actions include: Fostering voluntary agreements, establishing and enforcing building codes, minimum energy performance standards, integrating energy efficiency in procurement practices and using

ii. Ensure access to good technology Actions include: Encouraging the development, adaptation and diffusion of energy efficient technology, improving district heating

iii. Develop and maintain a supportive institutional framework: Actions include: Integrating energy efficiency in sectoral policies and ensuring the availability of

iv. Act to ensure continuity: Actions include: Establishing policy clarity, demonstrating leadership, implementing effective evaluation, monitoring techniques and

Other outcomes of the implementation of energy efficiency in industries can be given as

a. Industries become aware of the actual and rational energy utilization performance, as well as Energy Efficiency and Energy Conservation measures that can be applied to improve energy utilization efficiency through the establishment of energy use norms

b. Industries comply with regulations / guidelines designed to encourage the use of

c. Awareness about, and attitude towards, energy efficiency and environmental

d. Industries are using and benefiting the local energy support services (ESCOs) in the

government purchasing to stimulate the market for advanced technology.

systems and expanding the use of combined heat and power.

performance [32-34].

**5. Energy efficiency targets** 

impartial expertise.

[41]:

strengthening international collaboration

for industrial sub-sectors and processes.

energy efficient equipment and practices.

improvement by industries widespread.

implementation of their energy efficiency projects.

**Figure 5.** Energy use world wide

The main factor responsible for the increase in energy demand especially in the developing countries is the economic growth. Confronting the growing world energy demand raises two questions. Will there be enough energy available, and in what forms. Reassuringly, there appears to be no prospect of absolute shortage, at least for the next twenty or thirty years and probably beyond. Fossil energy resources are still abundant: for example, the cumulative production of natural gas has used only one sixth of the 325 trillion cubic meters of known reserves. Coal reserves are even larger, providing a basis for continuous production for hundreds of years. Known uranium resources, even on the basis of present knowledge, could meet the current level of demand for a period of 8000 years if advanced nuclear technology is developed [31].

Consideration of energy in relation to the building environment throughout the world's developed countries reveals that 20 – 55% of all delivered energy can be directly associated with buildings and industry. Consequently, new technologies applied to the built environment and industry may be expected to make a significant contribution to a reduction in energy consumption. By raising the efficiency of energy utilization, it is possible to reduce energy consumption by 10 – 30%, representing a savings of around 3Mtce per year. Some progress has been made in recent years as building energy management (sensors, HVAC control equipment) and information technology (IT) systems have evolved to a point where they can support and integrate the activities involved in energy management. With respect to environmental impact and economics, the ability to make well founded decisions regarding energy consumption and supply is of the utmost importance. This requires some means to assess the current performance and agreed targets against which to judge performance [32-34].
