**Author details**

Seong-woo Woo, Jungwan Park, Jongyun Yoon and HongGyu Jeon *STX Institute of Technology, Korea* 

#### **8. References**

[1] Taguchi, G., 1978, Off-line and On-line Quality Control Systems, Proceedings of the International Conference on Quality Control, Tokyo, Japan.

*T*

[2] Taguchi, G., Shih-Chung, T, 1992, Introduction to Quality Engineering: Bringing Quality Engineering Upstream, American Society of Mechanical Engineering, New York.

240 Energy Efficiency – The Innovative Ways for Smart Energy, the Future Towards Modern Utilities

*S0* mechanical stress under normal stress conditions *S1* mechanical stress under accelerated stress conditions

*T1* absolute temperature under accelerated stress conditions, *K T0* absolute temperature under normal stress conditions, *K*

*W1* food weight force under accelerated stress conditions, *kN W0* food weight force under normal stress conditions, *kN Wload* total food weight force in the freezer door drawer, *kN*

*R* reliability function

*Tf* time to failure *V* velocity, *m/s V* voltage, *volt* 

Greek symbols

Superscripts

Subscripts

**Author details** 

**8. References** 

*λ* failure rate

characteristic life

friction coefficient

η

μ

β

*ti* test time for each sample *T* absolute temperature, *K*

*X* accumulated failure rate, %

*x x* = 0.01 · *X*, on condition that *x* ≤ 0.2.

shape parameter in a Weibull distribution

*n*

ln( ) *f*

*S* <sup>∂</sup> = − <sup>∂</sup>

*T*

*T*

[1] Taguchi, G., 1978, Off-line and On-line Quality Control Systems, Proceedings of the

International Conference on Quality Control, Tokyo, Japan.

*n* stress dependence, ln( )

0 normal stress conditions 1 accelerated stress conditions

Seong-woo Woo, Jungwan Park, Jongyun Yoon and HongGyu Jeon *STX Institute of Technology, Korea* 

*S* stress

	- [18] Ryu, D., Chang, S., 2005, Novel Concept for Reliability Technology, Microelectronics Reliability, 45 (3), 611-622.

**Chapter 12** 

© 2012 Xianxi et al., licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2012 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution,

**Data Processing Approaches** 

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

of the measurement of mass flow rate is poor.

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/47781

**1. Introduction** 

**for the Measurements of Steam Pipe** 

Luo Xianxi, Yuan Mingzhe, Wang Hong and Li Yuezhong

**Networks in Iron and Steel Enterprises** 

the consumption to calculate the energy cost for each working procedure.

Steam is important secondary energy resource media in iron& steel enterprises, amounting to nearly 10% of the whole energy consumption. When an enterprise is running, if all the produced steam can meet all the demands and no steam is bled, the overall energy efficiency can be effectively improve. Thus the complex networks of steam pipes and steam production scheduling systems were set up. Obviously, steam scheduling has to depend on the real time measured data from the steam pipe networks. Accurately measuring the variables of pressure, temperature and flow rate is essential to secure the safety and economic efficiency. It's also necessary for accumulating the amount of steam production or

With the help of Energy Management System (EMS), all the data collected from the distributed instruments. In practice, the measurements of pressure and temperature are usually accurate enough for the application except that the sensors or the transducers fail. However, the measurements of mass flow rate are not so accurate because of the complex nature of the steam itself, lacking of high precision measuring instruments, the impact of interference and information transmitting network failures and other reasons. The reliability

When the steam mass flow measurement values deviate from the actual values to a certain extent, the automatic control system may largely deviate from the process requirements substantially. Even worse steam bleeding or accident could happen [1]. Therefore, it is not a satisfactory to decide or adjust the production process according to the data from the flow rate meters [2]. In energy management, the accumulation differences between production and consumption make it difficult to calculate the energy costs, analyze the segments of

and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

[19] Ryu, D., 2012, Improving Reliability and Quality for Product Success, CRC Press

**Chapter 12** 
