**3.2. Compressed air**

290 Energy Efficiency – The Innovative Ways for Smart Energy, the Future Towards Modern Utilities

some bigger countries one city may have many millions of inhabitants.

mitigation targets are divided among the countries or groups of countries.

Regional may mean different things in different contexts. For example, in Finland one province has one million inhabitants, another one has a few hundred thousand, whereas in

Countries make agreements on GHG mitigation and they are responsible for fulfilling the agreements under the Kyoto Protocol or under some more limited agreements such as

A level where conclusions are made on the GHG emissions mitigation goals and how the

The service and public sectors are taking an ever-bigger role as an employer. In 2007, industry directly employed only 18% of the workforce in Finland. This is still a moderate number for an industrialised country among the EU-15, where the average is 17%. The decline in industrial employment has been very fast. In 2000, industrial employment in Finland was 20% (Eurostat, 2008). Whenever fewer people have a direct relation to industry, it is more and more difficult for industry to have a fair and effective communication with

These thresholds for fair communication due to limited information will always exist. To lower the thresholds, information must be clear and jargon must be avoided. One precondition is that the subsidiary principle is applied. The decision-makers must understand the key points of industrial energy use in the target area of the policy as well as other conditions affecting industry. For those conducting the actions of the selected policy, choosing the correct policy level is even more important. The policy level must be selected so that the area of decision-making is understandable "in one man's head". The level is a very personal question. It depends on the persons and their personal experiences and skills. In Finland, one reasonable level is the province so as to cover "the scope of in one man's

**3. Opportunities to improve industrial energy efficiency by 2020** 

knowledge. The review is based on an article (Aro, 2009).

The main goal of this review of the past is to forecast for the year 2020 with today's

The electric motors of pumps and fans consume electrical energy. When looking at only the improvements opportunities in the motors, pumps and fans, no large consumption reductions can be expected by 2020. However, the situation is not necessarily all that bad. The system level can give opportunities. This means how the components are used as a part

Regional level

National level

among the EU countries.

citizens and the authorities.

head".

**3.1. Pumps and fans** 

International level

It is well known that compressed air systems require good maintenance to run efficiently. If not, air leakages may be more than 70% of the total compressed air production. Therefore, there always exists potential savings with compressed air systems. In the past, compressors were piston or screw types, as they are today. However, there have been efficiency improvements due to novel control systems and the use of frequency converters. Some 10- 30% improvements have been seen compared to the past. In total, over 10% of improvements can be expected in the near future.
