**1. Introduction**

There are vast opportunities to improve energy use efficiency by eliminating waste through process optimization. Applying today's computing and control equipment and techniques is one of the most cost-effective and significant opportunities for larger energy users to reduce their energy costs and improve profits. An Energy Management Information System (EMIS) is an important element of a comprehensive energy management program. It provides relevant information to key individuals and departments that enable them to improve energy performance. Today it is normal for companies, particularly in process sectors, to collect huge amounts of real-time data from automated control systems, including Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs), Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA), etc. The captured data is shared and analysed in an orderly and precise way that identifies problem areas and provides solutions, this mass of data is merely information overload. Advances in information technology (IT), defined here as the use of computers to collect, analyse, control and distribute data, have developed rapidly. It is now common for managers and operators to have access to powerful computers and software. Today there are a number of techniques to analyse the factors that affect efficiency, and models are automatically generated based on "what if" scenarios in order to improve decisions to be taken.

The paper shows a very advanced technology for handling automatically more than 200 digital and analogue (i/p and o/p) parameters via intelligent monitoring and controlling system.

However, load management is the process of scheduling the loads to reduce the electric energy consumption and or the maximum demand. It is basically optimizing the

© 2012 Eissa et al., licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. © 2012 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

processes/loads to improve the system load factor. Load-management procedures involve changes to equipment and/or consumption patterns on the customer side. There are many methods of load management which can be followed by an industry or a utility, such as load shedding and restoring, load shifting, installing energy-efficient processes and equipment, energy storage devices, co-generation, non-conventional sources of energy, and reactive power control [1]-[3]. Meeting the peak demand is one of the major problems now facing the electric utilities. With the existing generating capacity being unmanageable, authorities are forced to implement load shedding in various sectors during most of the seasons. Load shifting will be a better option for most industries. Load shifting basically means scheduling the load in such a way that loads are diverted from peak period to offpeak periods, thereby shaving the peak and filling the valley of the load curve, so improving the load factor[4]-[6].

Load Management System Using Intelligent Monitoring and Control System for Commercial and Industrial Sectors 5

the generators. These values will assist in getting any action to return the plant to its



The hardware configuration of the original intelligent monitoring and controlling system is divided into two levels. The first level includes two workstations -1 and -2 with two different software programs are used for data handling and monitoring purpose. The second level includes the PLC for data collected that constituted from 10 digital meters and some smart sensors to cover many points in the system. Some digital meters are fed directly to the workstation-2 using different software for data handling. All other parameters such as breaker status, temperature, controllers, and cable insulators are fed through the PLC. Fig. 1 shows the overall structure of original intelligent monitoring and controlling system achieved at the Eastern Company in Egypt. The intelligent monitoring and controlling system uses the most recent technology of Profibus in data transferring. Workstaton-1 used the Wincc flexible software program for data handling received from the MV, Transformers and Generators. Workstation-2 used the Sicaro Q manger software program for data handling from the loads. Both workstations are linked through Ethernet network. One programmable logic controller S7-300 associated with 10 power meters for monitoring the MV, Transformers and Generators, Insulation relays, Temperature transducers for generators, and Circuit Breakers auxiliary points for all loads have been applied to workstation 1 through Profibus network-1. Workstation-2 associated with 12 power quality meters for monitoring all loads (Compressors, Pumps, Motors, Processes, etc.) via Profibus network-2. All system parameters are communicated using the Profibus technology. The output system is limited by given alarming and recommendation to the operator without doing any automatic actions for the system. The system components used in the system are

PROFIBUS is the powerful, open and rugged bus system for process and field communication in cell networks with few stations and for data communication. Automation devices such as PLCs, PCs, HMI devices, sensors or actuators can communicate via this bus system. PROFIBUS is part of totally integrated automation, the uniform, integrated product and system range from Siemens for efficient automation of the entire production process for all sectors of industry. PROFIBUS can be used, for example, for the following applications: Factory automation, Process automation and Building automation. Different PROFIBUS

• Process or field communication (PROFIBUS DP) (for fast, cyclic data exchange with field devices). PROFIBUS PA (for intrinsic safety applications in process automation)

These parameters are used as a back up for the main protection.

normal operation by minimum costs.

current interruption.

**2. Original system description** 

produced from Siemens and can be described as:

versions are available for the various fields of application:

To encourage load shifting in industries, and thereby to reduce peak demand automatically, a new technology such as introduced here will be extended.

Also, power quality is of major concern to all types of industries, especially those operating with critical machinery and equipments. Poor quality of power leads to major problems like break-downs, production interruptions, excess energy consumption etc. Modern industries require automation of their operation enabling them to produce quality products and also for mass production. The conventional systems are being replaced by modern Power Electronic systems, bringing a variety of advantages to the users. Classic examples are DC & AC Drives, UPS, soft starters, etc. Power Quality Alarming and Analysis provides a comprehensive view into a facility's electrical distribution system. Power Quality can be monitored at the electrical mains or at any critical feeder branch in the distribution system such as described here. Devices in this category typically provide all of the parameters found in basic devices, plus advanced analysis capabilities [7]-[8]. These advanced analysis capabilities include using waveform capture to collect and view waveform shape and magnitude, providing harmonic analysis graphs, collection and storage of events and data, and recording single or multiple cycle waveforms based on triggers such as overvoltage or transients. With the ever-increasing use of sophisticated controls and equipment in industrial, commercial, and governmental facilities, the continuity, reliability, and quality of electrical service has become extremely crucial to many power users. Electrical systems are subject to a wide variety of power quality problems which can interrupt production processes, affect sensitive equipment, and cause downtime, scrap, and capacity losses. Momentary voltage fluctuations can disastrously impact production [7]-[8].

The proposed modified intelligent monitoring and controlling system will introduce monitoring, alarming, controlling, and power quality mitigation based on data collected and analyzed from the system. The original system can afford the following features:


the generators. These values will assist in getting any action to return the plant to its normal operation by minimum costs.

