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**Chapter 6** 

© 2012 Sørensen, licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2012 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution,

Ventilation fans are energy-demanding equipment that stands for a significant share of a building's total energy consumption. Improving energy efficiency of ventilation fans is thus important. Fans used for demand controlled ventilation (DCV) are intended to deliver a specific flow rate derived from the actual load in the building. This chapter is about how to deliver the required air flow rate to all rooms, without wasting energy on throttling. There are several ways to control the flow rate in a ventilation system. The most common ways are (1) pure throttling, (2) constant differential pressure and (3) constant duct static pressure. In some situations, (4) direct fan control are used as a control strategy (DDCV). The latter is known to be efficient, as it will provide only the required air flow at all times, without the need for any throttling. It needs however more extensive instrumentation, and flow rates to and from all zones in a building have to be continually recorded and fed back to the central flow controller. A simulation study shows that by introducing a relatively simple control procedure, the fan can be controlled more efficient and energy consumption can be reduced to a significant degree, also for alternative (2) and (3), without the need for added control

Pressure energy used for throttling of air in the ventilation system is transformed to heat by friction. Thus the ventilation air is heated by the 'wasted' pressure energy. For this reason it can be argued that throttling is just as good as pure speed regulation. However, this makes sense only if a demand for heating exists. During periods with cooling demands, throttling is a true waste of energy since the heat produced from it cannot be exploited. If there is local cooling of air within the zones, throttling is even worse since energy must be used to remove the 'throttling' heat. Throttling also produces noise. Hence, the degree of throttling

and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

**Energy Efficient Control of Fans** 

**in Ventilation Systems** 

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

in ventilation systems should be as low as possible.

Bjørn R. Sørensen

**1. Introduction** 

equipment.

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/48597


**Chapter 6** 
