**7. References**


**Energy Efficiency – Measurement and Analysis** 

190 Energy Efficiency – The Innovative Ways for Smart Energy, the Future Towards Modern Utilities

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*Department of Civil Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico (IST) from Technical University of* 

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**Author details** 

*Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal* 

**Acknowledgement** 

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n.6, pp. 3361-3369, 2011.

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**7. References** 

H.M. Ramos

**Chapter 0**

**Chapter 9**

**Energy Measurement Techniques**

Luís F. C. Duarte, Elnatan C. Ferreira and José A. Siqueira Dias

The reduction of energy consumption and elimination of energy waste are among the main goals of all countries that recognize that the world climate is changing due to these problems. Reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is mandatory for preserving a healthy biosphere

The main source of greenhouse gases originated by human activities is the burning of fossil fuels [21]. Studies show how it is possible to generate electricity from renewable energy sources other than burning fossil fuel. Unfortunately, those technologies are not yet widely spread or haven't reached a development stage where the production costs are adequate for

BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2009 [3] showed that in 2008, the total worldwide energy consumption was 474 exajoules (474 <sup>×</sup> 1018 J), with 80 to 90 % derived from the combustion of fossil fuels. If this scenario does not change, it can lead us to an unpleasant future with several environmental issues, from global warming caused by fossil fuel combustion and deforestation due to acid rain and destruction of the ozone layer.

In order to change this scenario, utilities and governmental agencies all over the world are implementing energy efficiency programs. These programs are designed to implement solutions which help customers to manage the energy use and save money on energy bills. However, the first step in achieving an energy-efficient houses is the understanding of where the energy is going. Is has been shown that the effectiveness of an energy efficiency program

A good knowledge of where the energy is going is fundamental for the customers to decide how it is possible to reduce energy waste and maximize energy bill savings. There are different approaches for implementing energy efficiency programs, and basically two types of actions that can be taken: by changing the behavior and habits of the customers in what concerns the use of home appliances or by making investments in energy-efficient technologies. Many

and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

©2012 Duarte et al., licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0),which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly

© 2012 The Author(s). Licensee InTech. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution,

depends strongly on the feedback that the consumers receive about their energy use.

**for Energy Efficiency Programs**

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/47791

and all earth's ecological systems.

the economic scenarios [18, 20, 23].

cited.

**1. Introduction**

#### **Chapter 0 Chapter 9**
