**3. Original system operation**

The application functions of the data collection and monitoring are all performed via two workstations, PLC and two different software programmes. The program can include data exchange communication protocol between the communication system and PLC, through digital power meters, breakers' status (On/Off), power quality monitoring, threshold for alarming. Figs. 4 and 5 show part of the system operation for monitoring feeder-2 and transformer-2 parameters for the system installed at Eastern Company in Egypt. Fig. 6 shows one of the event messages produced from the system. Fig. 7 shows the block diagram that demonstrates the various function components of IMCS. All of these components are programmed as functions of the system. Some of the system functionality can be described as;

#### **3.1. Sensors, power meters and breakers status**

Sensors and power meters communicate measurements and status information from the plant to the monitoring modules of the IMCS.

#### **3.2. Monitoring**

IMCS offers a wide range of options for monitoring the plant. Information can be monitored locally and centrally. Access to the IMCS is protected and the users must login to gain access to functionality. Information received from the plant can be monitored in different forms from data or trends mode. The monitoring includes; Alarms, Trends, Recommendations Status, Configuration utilities, Event messages, etc.

#### **3.3. Control**

The control of the system is limited while the system is based on monitoring purposes and given recommendation messages for the operator.

#### **3.4. Data logging**

The IMCS has the feature of data logging for some selected parameters such as (switching procedure during week; temperature, breaker status, transients, etc.) for further analysis.

## **3.5. Alarms, recommendation and event reporting**

The main feature of the IMCS is producing the alarms, recommendation and event reporting functionality. The alarms, recommendation and event reporting are based on customers basis.

Load Management System Using Intelligent Monitoring and Control System for Commercial and Industrial Sectors 9

**Figure 2.** The display of the currently transmitted measured values of Quality Meter used in the system.

**Figure 3.** The main components of the PLC.

## **3.6. Predictive maintenance**

Predictive maintenance is an essential part of the IMCS. The system gives all information about the power quality of the plant and cable insulation. This can be achieved through reports and alarms message produced from the system.

**Figure 1.** The overall structure of the original intelligent monitoring and controlling system.

Load Management System Using Intelligent Monitoring

**Figure 2.** The display of the currently transmitted measured values of Quality Meter used in the system.

**Figure 3.** The main components of the PLC.

8 Energy Efficiency – The Innovative Ways for Smart Energy, the Future Towards Modern Utilities

The main feature of the IMCS is producing the alarms, recommendation and event reporting functionality. The alarms, recommendation and event reporting are based on customers

Predictive maintenance is an essential part of the IMCS. The system gives all information about the power quality of the plant and cable insulation. This can be achieved through

**Figure 1.** The overall structure of the original intelligent monitoring and controlling system.

**3.5. Alarms, recommendation and event reporting**

reports and alarms message produced from the system.

basis.

**3.6. Predictive maintenance**

Load Management System Using Intelligent Monitoring and Control System for Commercial and Industrial Sectors 11

**Figure 6.** One of the output event messages produced from the system at Eastern Company.

**Figure 7.** Block diagram of the IMCS components installed at Eastern Company.

10 Energy Efficiency – The Innovative Ways for Smart Energy, the Future Towards Modern Utilities

**Figure 4.** Part of the monitored data on fedder-2 at Eastern Company.

**Figure 5.** Part of the monitored data on Transfwer-2 at Eastern Company.


**Figure 4.** Part of the monitored data on fedder-2 at Eastern Company.

**Figure 5.** Part of the monitored data on Transfwer-2 at Eastern Company.

**Figure 6.** One of the output event messages produced from the system at Eastern Company.

**Figure 7.** Block diagram of the IMCS components installed at Eastern Company.
