**9. References**


Beek, R.; Bergervoet J.; Kundur, H. et al. (2008). A 0.6-to-10GHz receiver front-end in 45nm CMOS, *IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference*, 2008, pp. 128-129

12 Ultra Wideband – Current Status and Future Trends

coplanar waveguide (CPW), or slotted structures.

**Figure 7.** The prototype of simple fed CDM antenna

*Institut Teknologi Brunei, Brunei Darussalam* 

54, No. 4, April 2006, pp. 1647-1655

accelerate their widespread use in indoor communications.

**8. Conclusions** 

**Author details** 

**9. References** 

pp. 128-129

M. A. Matin

printed radiator disc on substrate. Printed CDM antennas can be fed simple microstrip line,

The objective of this chapter is to provide the fundamentals of UWB transceiver systems so that the general readers can be able to easily grasp some of the ideas in transceiver design for ultra-wideband communications. The chapter briefly describes signaling and modulation techniques, UWB transceiver system architecture, UWB antennas. Devices used for this exciting technology have become small, low power and low cost which in turn will

Wentzloff, D.D. & Chandrakasan, A.P. (2006). Gaussian pulse generators for subbanded ultra-wideband transmitters, *IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques*, Vol.

Ranjan, M. & Larson, L. (2006). A sub-1mm2 dynamically tuned CMOS MB-OFDM 3-to-8GHz UWB receiver front-end, *IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference*, 2006,

Zheng, H.; Lou, S.; Lu, D. et al. (2007). A 3.1-8.0GHz MB-OFDM UWB transceiver in 0.18µm

Bergervoet, J.R.; Harish, K.S.; Lee, S. et al. (2007). A WiMedia-compliant UWB transceiver in 65nm CMOS, *IEEE International Solid-State Circuits Conference*, 2007, pp. 112-113.

CMOS, *IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference*, 2007, pp. 651-654

	- A. Batra et al. "*Multi-band OFDM Physical Layer Proposal for IEEE 802.15 Task Group 3a*," IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs), doc:IEEE P802.15-03/268r4, 2004, 78 p.

**Chapter 2** 

© 2012 Alhakim et al., licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2012 Alhakim et al., licensee InTech. This is a paper distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

**Timing Synchronisation for IR-UWB** 

Rshdee Alhakim, Kosai Raoof and Emmanuel Simeu

The interest for Ultra Wide Band (UWB) technology is growing fast especially in the shortrange indoor wireless communication, for example, in wireless personal area networks (WPAN). The basic concept is to transmit and receive baseband impulse waveform streams of very low power density and ultra-short duration pulses (typically at nanosecond scale). These properties of UWB give rise to fine time resolution, rich multipath diversity, low probability of detection, enhanced penetration capability, high user-capacity, and potential spectrum compatibility with existing narrowband systems [1]. However, one of the most critical challenges in enabling the unique benefits of UWB transmissions is timing synchronization, because the transmitted pulses are narrow and have low power density

Timing synchronization in wireless communication systems typically depends on the sliding correlator between the received signal and a transmit-waveform template (Clean Template). In Impulse-Radio Ultra-Wideband (IR-UWB) devices however, this approach is not only sub-optimum in the presence of rich resolvable multipath channel, but also incurs high computational complexity and long synchronization time [2, 3]. Some research for improving the synchronization performance for IR-UWB systems has been reported in [4-9]. Each of these approaches requires one or more of the following assumptions: 1) the absence of multipath; 2) the absence of time-hopping (TH) codes; 3) the multipath channel is known; 4) high computational complexity and long synchronization time; and 5) degradation of bandwidth and power efficiency. Timing with Dirty Templates (TDT) is an efficient synchronization approach proposed for IR-UWB, introduced in [10-13]. This technique is based on correlating the received signal with "dirty template" extracted from the received waveforms. This template is called dirty; because it is distorted by the unknown channel and by the ambient noise. TDT allows the receiver to enhance energy capture even when the

**Communication Systems** 

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/48663

**1. Introduction** 

under the noise floor [2].

