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24 Will-be-set-by-IN-TECH

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Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 Sciences et Geographie.

3707 of LNCS: 293–307.

**Chapter 21** 

© 2012 Labadi et al., licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2012 Labadi et al., licensee InTech. This is a paper distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

**Petri Nets Models for Analysis and** 

Karim Labadi, Taha Benarbia, Samir Hamaci

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

congestion, and ageing transport infrastructure.

stations in order to balance the network (see Figures 2 to 4).

and A-Moumen Darcherif

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/47774

**1. Introduction** 

**Control of Public Bicycle-Sharing Systems** 

Public Bicycle-Sharing Systems (PBSS), also known as self-service public bicycle systems, are available in numerous big cities in the world (Vélib' in Paris, Bicing in Barcelona, Call-a-Bicycle in Munich, OyBicycle in London, etc.). Since its inception, Bicycle-sharing programs have grown worldwide. There are now programs in Europe, North America, South America, Asia, and Australia. A still growing list of cities which provides such green public transportation mode can be found at the Bicycle-sharing world map (http://Bikesharing.blogspot.com) as shown in Figure 1. As a good complementary to other urban transportation modes, bicycle use entails a number of benefits including environmental, mobility and economic benefits. The public bicycle sharing systems are especially useful for short-distance city transport trips and to face many public transport problems, including growing traffic congestion, pollution, greater car dependency, buses caught in city

A PBS system can be described as a bank of bicycles that can be picked up and dropped off at numerous stations (service points) across an urban area. The bicycle stations are usually located 300 meters apart, consisting of terminals and stands for fastening the bicycles. Every station is equipped with roughly twenty bicycle stands (the number can be estimated depending on the location of the service point and the estimated level of use). A customer uses a bicycle to travel from one station to another. A bicycle can be taken out from any station and returned to the same or any other station, provided that there is an available locking berth. A PBS system requires more than just bicycles and stations; a variety of other equipment is needed to keep the bicycles and stations functioning at adequate level of service. Particularly, this includes a fleet of vehicles for redistribution of bicycles between

**Chapter 21** 
