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**Chapter 0**

**Chapter 7**

**Pseudogap and Local Pairs**

**in High-***Tc* **Superconductors**

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

The discovery of superconductivity in copper oxides with an active *CuO*<sup>2</sup> plane [1] at temperatures of the order of 100 K is undoubtedly one of the most important achievements of the modern solid state physics. However, even more than twenty six years later since the discovery the physics of the electronic processes and interactions in high-temperature superconductors (HTS's) and, in particular, the superconducting (SC) pairing mechanism, resulting in such high *Tc*'s, where *Tc* is the superconducting transition (critical) temperature, still remain controversial [2]. This state of affairs is due to the extreme complexity of the electronic configuration of HTS's, where quasi-two-dimensionality is combined with strong

Gradually it became clear that the physics of superconductivity in HTS's can be understood, first and foremost, by studying their properties in the normal state, which are well known to be very peculiar [4, 6–12]. It is believed at present that the HTS's possess at least five specific properties [2, 7, 8, 11–13]. First of all it is the high *Tc* itself which is of the order of 91 K in optimally doped (OD, oxygen index (7 − *<sup>δ</sup>*) ≈ 6.93) *YBa*2*Cu*3*O*7−*<sup>δ</sup>* (YBCO, or Y123), of the order of 115 K in OD *Bi*2*Sr*2*Ca*2*Cu*3*O*8+*<sup>δ</sup>* (Bi2223) and in corresponding Tl2223 [8, 9, 12], and arises up to *Tc* ≈ 135*K* in OD *HgBa*2*Ca*2*Cu*3*O*8+*<sup>δ</sup>* (Hg1223) cuprates [14]. The next and the most intrigueing property is a pseudogap (PG) observed mostly in underdoped cuprates below any representative temperature *T*<sup>∗</sup> � *Tc* [2, 8]. As *T* decreases below *T*∗, these HTS's develop into the PG state which is characterized by many unusual features [2, 8, 12, 13, 15, 16]. The other property is the strong electron correlations observed in the underdoped cuprates too [3, 5, 12, 16]. However, existence of the such correlations in, e.g., FeAs-based superconductors still remains controversial [17–21]. The next property is pronounced anisotropy [6–9, 11, 12] observed both in cuprates [2, 9, 12] and FeAs-based superconductors (see Refs. [17–19] and references therein). As a result, the inplane resistivity, *ρab*(*T*) is much smaller than *ρc*(*T*), and the coherence length in the *ab* plane, *ξab*(*T*), is about ten times of the coherence length along the c-axis, *ξc*(*T*). The last but not least property is a reduced density of charge carriers *n <sup>f</sup>* . *n <sup>f</sup>* is zero in the antiferromagnetic (AFM) parent state of HTS's and gradually increases with

> ©2012 Solovjov, licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0),which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly

©2012 Solovjov, licensee InTech. This is a paper distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

Andrei L. Solovjov

**1. Introduction**

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/50970

charge and spin correlations [3, 4, 6–12].

cited.


**Chapter 0 Chapter 7**
