**Author details**

Qiuliang Wang, Zhipeng Ni and Chunyan Cui *Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China* 

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**Chapter 6** 

© 2012 Saito and Yoshida, licensee InTech. This is an open access chapter distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

© 2012 Saito and Yoshida, licensee InTech. This is a paper distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

S S S

S S

S S

M(dmit)2

M

S S S

The Little's model accelerated the exploration of the conducting organic materials of low molecular weight, that had been started by the finding of highly conductive perylene•halides charge-transfer (CT) solids (100–10–3 S cm–1) in early 1950s [6] and TCNQ

S S S S

TTF

**Development and Present Status of** 

Since the first observation of superconductivity by K. Ones with a critical temperature of superconductivity (*T*c) of 4.2 K on mercury (1911), many researchers have persuaded such exciting system on organic materials with vain. Even metallic behavior was hardly seen on the organic materials. Little's theoretical proposal (1964) for high *T*c superconductivity (*T*c > 1000 K) was based on a polymer system having both a conduction path and highly polarizable pendants, which mediate the formation of Cooper pairs in the conduction path by electronexciton coupling [1]. There are at least two inorganic polymer superconductors without doping (graphite and diamond are superconductors by doping: see Section 5), poly(sulfur nitride) (SN)*x* (1975, *T*<sup>c</sup> ≤ 3 K) [2] and black phosphorus (1984, *T*c ~ 6 K at 16 GPa and 10.7 K at 29 GPa) [3], with crystalline forms. However, so far no organic polymers have been confirmed to show superconductivity which is easily destroyed by a variety of disorder. Only crystalline polymers were reported to exhibit metallic behavior: a doped polyaniline by chemical oxidation of monomers [4] and MC60 (Scheme 1) having linearly polymerized C60•– with one-

dimensional (M = Rb, Cs) or three-dimensional (M = K) metallic behavior [5].

NC CN

NC CN TCNQ

C60 perylene

**Organic Superconductors** 

Additional information is available at the end of the chapter

Gunzi Saito and Yukihiro Yoshida

http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/50424

**1. Introduction** 

**Scheme 1.**
