*3.3.3. Anti-proximity effect*

Contrary to the proximity effect, it has been found in 2005 [11, 16] that, in a system consisting of 2 μ long, 40 nm diameter Zinc nanowires sandwiched between two BS electrodes (Sn or In), superconductivity of Zinc nanowires is completely suppressed (or partially suppressed) by the BS electrodes when the BS electrodes are in the superconducting state under zero applied magnetic field. However, when the BS electrodes are driven normal by an applied magnetic field (*H*), the Zinc nanowires re-enter their superconducting state at ~ 0.8 K, unexpectedly. This is called ''anti-proximity effect''.

BS – bulk superconducting electrode; ZNWs – Zinc nanowires;

PM – porous membranes; I – current; V – voltage.

**Figure 3.** Schematic of the Zinc nanowires sandwiched between two BS electrodes [11].

This is also a counterintuitive unusual phenomenon, never reported before 2005.

The schematic of the electrical transport measurement system exhibiting the anti-proximity effect with the Zinc nanowires sandwiched between two BS electrodes is shown in Fig. 3.
