**Author details**

526 Risk Management – Current Issues and Challenges

on their requirements.

their operational activities.

**5.3. Moving forward with GFCS** 

climatology and climate services and in CRM.

services culture.

provide in a sustainable way. The current efforts of NMHSs in weather and climate forecasts, the analysis of extremes and other prediction services are valuable for CRM and consequently a solid basis to work on climate change estimations at local level where global projections are not necessary applicable. To encourage communities to engage with such climate services and to enhance the relationship with the vulnerable local populations, a number of recommendations, that will underpin a "new business model" for conducting effective CRM at

1. Focus on users, and enhance collaborations with CRM communities in order to assess their needs and address these through provision of high quality and opportune climate services, including through organizing or participating in both face-to-face and on-line Regional and National Climate Outlook Forums which offer direct interaction with users including sectors and the media, and participate in capacity development of users through training in climate matters, adaptation and in the use of climate products. 2. Tailor climate products for CRM end users, including planning departments, local authorities, government agencies involved in environment and risk management, based

3. Monitor the climate and its evolution, conduct Climate Watch programmes, develop regular information for users on the past and current states of the climate, and couple these with reliable, user-friendly predictions for upcoming seasons, as part of a climate

4. Build and sustain observing networks to provide the data needed for a range of climate services for CRM; conduct data rescue exercises to enhance digital climate databases. 5. Promote training and development of their meteorological staff in diverse aspects of

6. Enhance climate research, development of climate indexes and other analysis, within

7. Combine climate products with other geospatial information related to vulnerability derived from other institutions for development of more decision-ready, actionable products (this will require strategic alliances, in "win–win" relationships with co-benefits. 8. Enhance the liaison with local communities, communitarian networks and local media

As previously noted, the WMO, along with partnering organizations and with the support of Member countries, has embarked on a new era for climate services, with the decision to implement the Global Framework for Climate Services (GFCS). This decision was reached in the full understanding that GFCS success will require strengthening of observations and monitoring, research, modeling and prediction, the Climate Services Information System

for efficient dissemination of tailored products applicable for CRM. 9. Seek and act on user's feedback for product evolution and improvement.

local levels, are proposed for the operations of the NMHSs of the WMO.

For improving CRM at local levels, it is recommended that NMHSs:

**5.2. Recommendations for NMHSs for improving CRM at local level** 

R. Martínez\* *International Research Center on El Niño (CIIFEN). Guayaquil, Ecuador* 

D. Hemming\* *Met Office Hadley Centre, UK Meteorologcial Office, Fitzroy Road, Exeter, UK* 

L. Malone\* *World Meteorological Organization (WMO), Geneva, Switzerland* 

N. Bermudez *United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), Quito, Ecuador* 

### G. Cockfield and S. Mushtaq

*Australian Centre for Sustainable Catchment, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba QLD, Australia* 

A. Diongue *Agence Nationale de l'Aviation Civile et de la Météorologie (ANACIM), Senegal* 

J. Hansen *International Research Institute for Climate and Society (IRI), New York, USA* 

A. Hildebrand *Panamerican Health Organization (PAHO), Quito, Ecuador* 

K. Ingram *University of Florida, Gainsville, FL, USA* 

G. Jakeman

\* Leading Authors

*ACIL Tasman Pty Ltd. Canberra, Australia* 

### M. Kadi

*African Centre of Meteorological Application for Development (ACMAD), Niamey, Niger* 

#### G. R. McGregor

*School of Environment, University of Auckland, New Zealand* 

#### P. Rao

*Academy of Climate Change Education & Research, Kerala Agricultural University, Vellanikkara, Thrissur, Kerala, India* 

Improving Climate Risk Management at Local Level –

Techniques, Case Studies, Good Practices and Guidelines for World Meteorological Organization Members 529

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#### R. Pulwarty

*National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), Boulder, CO, USA* 

#### O. Ndiaye

*Service Départemental Du Développement Rural, Kaffrine, Sénégal* 

#### G. Srinivasan

*Regional Integrated Multi-hazard Early warning System (RIMES), Bangkok, Thailand* 

#### Eh. Seck and N. White

*AgriScience Qld, Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, Toowoomba QLD, Australia* 

#### N. White

*Dept. of Biological and Physical Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba QLD, Australia* 

#### R. Zougmoré

*Climate Change Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), West Africa, Bamako, Mali* 
