**2. The sensing enterprise concept**

286 Risk Management – Current Issues and Challenges

5% to finally achieve the ambitious objective of zero-accidents.

facilitated to increase the effectiveness of the solutions in place.

several risk factors with potential likelihood to cause an accident.

**Figure 1.** FASyS proactive risk management reference framework.

Worker's safety and health is observed jointly by legislation, knowledge generation and technology development to enable a full risk management focused on the employee (paradigm "factory worker first"). When the personalized risk management will be achieved, the European Strategy for Safety and Health at Work 2007 – 2012 will be able to reach the objective of 25% reduction in workplace accidents and then a yearly reduction of

So far, most efforts in work safety have been focused on improving work equipment features and definition of more secure tasks. Machine manufacturers have worked hard to provide security devices to eliminate or mitigate the risk, but success lies in considering security by design. Big gaps are detected in the process of establishment of security systems in industrial environments focused on the worker. The worker needs to be introduced as an active element in the risk management equation and proactive measures need to be

All working environment variables and conditions in risk management require the challenge of finding technologies to monitor and manage the human factor in manufacturing processes. The reason is that the human factor is the main responsible for incidents and accidents in factories nowadays. The expected risk management system must incorporate proactive capabilities understood as the ability to detect the confluence of

The best starting point is the general framework of proactive risk management provided by the ISO 31000:2009: Risk management – Principles and guidelines, see Figure 1. This standard has been suggested by the European Technology Platform on Industrial Safety The Sensing Enterprise is a concept created by the FInES community in the context of the advent of the Augmented Internet. It refers to an enterprise anticipating future decisions by using multi-dimensional information captured through physical and virtual objects and providing added value information to enhance its global context awareness [1]. The enterprise will no longer be composed of and defined solely by atoms, but also by bits and kilobits.

The Sensing Enterprise concept is shifting boundaries – towards a borderless enterprise, where collaboration and continuous interactions among smart objects are central to the new scenario. Beyond the push and pull model, the sensing enterprise concept goes further to a direct presence, « sensing » data and transforming it into knowledge for business operation. The concept of sensing enterprise shifts the focus on the interaction among objects and systems.

The Sensing enterprise concept supports the notion of smart dust in the clouds as a new form and evolution of current state of the art computing systems. Thus, decentralised and delocalised computing and data storage resources provide dynamically scalable capacities to exploit linked open data that facilitate the exploitation of internal and external data systems. This highly flexible computing and sensing environment is the basis for a new generation of cross-cutting horizontal enterprise application areas. The Sensing enterprise concept leverages the power of sensor networks and decentralised intelligence to perform analysis and decision making both in synchronised real and virtual worlds.
