**Part 5**

**Corrosion and Mechanical Damage of Aluminium Alloys** 

314 Recent Trends in Processing and Degradation of Aluminium Alloys

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**13** 

*Malaysia* 

Mariyam Jameelah Ghazali

*Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia* 

*Department of Mechanical & Materials Engineering* 

**Effects of Dry Sliding Wear of Wrought** 

**Al-Alloys on Mechanical Mixed Layers (MML)** 

Aluminium alloys are very attractive compared to other materials like steels, particularly for their mechanical properties. Despite of having a relatively low density (2.7 g/cm3 as compared to ± 7.9 g/cm3 of steel), they also possess high ductility (even at room temperature), high electrical and thermal conductivity and resistance to corrosion and high thermal conductivity. However, aluminium by itself exhibits poor tribological properties and their usage, for example in automotive applications, has been limited by their inferior strength, rigidity and wear resistance, compared with ferrous alloys. With respect to friction and wear behaviour, it has been well understood that the tribological behaviour of aluminium alloys is strongly influenced by the mechanical, physical and chemical properties of the near-surface materials. Whether lubricated or dry sliding, there is evidence that substantial work-hardening occurs at the worn surface. Surface strains can be well in excess of those found in conventional mechanical working. Intimate contact between ductile materials in particular, normally involved transferred materials, which may result in the formation of a mechanically mixed layer (MML). The MML was generally found to be comprised of materials from both contact surfaces, and may also include oxygen, and was known to have very different properties to the Al-alloy. Although the formation of an MML was known to modify wear behaviour, the exact manner was not fully understood. Moreover, very little was known about the effect that matrix alloy composition had on MML

formation although it was claimed that the MML could improved wear resistance.

Wherever surfaces move against each other, wear will occur; damage to one or both surfaces generally involves progressive loss of material (ASM International & 1992 Hutchings, 1992). The rate of removal is generally slow. Although the loss of material is relatively small, it can be enough to cause complete failure of large and complex machinery. Hence, it is essential to develop a thorough understanding of the wear process, especially its mechanism and behaviour, in order to optimise performance. In the current work, only dry or unlubricated sliding wear will be further discussed, even though it is often associated with an environment containing appreciable humidity. When two surfaces slide or roll against each

**1. Introduction** 

**2. Backgrounds** 

**2.1 Sliding wear theory** 

other under an applied load, two forces will exist:
