**Section 1**

**Fuel Properties as Factors Affecting Injection Process and Systems** 

4 Fuel Injection in Automotive Engineering

as IV generation injectors) provides the possibility of application of variable injection rate and fuel injection pressure around 250 MPa. The introduction of such injector is signalized

The automotive market, throughout the last few years, is subject to conspicuous changes in the scope of clients' preferences. The sales of diesel engine cars gradually grow. Compared to the engine with spark-ignition, the diesel engine has a higher efficiency, lower fuel consumption and longer operation life. A diesel engine is much more easily adaptable to supercharging, which enables obtaining significant power gain without changing the stroke, displacement volume or engine speed. In a diesel engine that works with higher air-to-fuel ratio, the combustion is more efficient with lower carbon and hydrocarbons content in the exhaust gases. From the end user's point of view, the most important effect is the operation cost economy as the diesel engines consume less fuel. To meet the present and future demands, the automotive manufacturers work over new designs and technologies in diesel engines and offer a wide range of car models fitted with such drive units. The development of high-speed diesel engines is explicitly guided by the direct injection strategy and growth of the fuel injection pressure, exceeding 200 MPa. Such tendency forced intensive research and development works over new generations of injection systems. They must provide such parameters of mixture and the rate of the combustion process that would be able to meet the future requirements related to pollutant emissions in the exhaust gases and reduction of CO2. These are the basic criteria determining the trends in the development and improvement of high-speed diesel engines and their injection systems but, in other hand, they signalize the scale of issues that the engineers and manufacturers of such devices must face. The classic injection systems cannot provide the proper rate of the injection process. Fulfilling the future requirements related to exhaust emissions and noise reduction combined with the fuel economy increase requires the absolute application of electronic control systems. This, in turn, is conditioned by the introduction of extended injection rate algorithms that may only be described by complicated 3D functional surfaces. The algorithms must also take into account the additional control parameters and functions and

by Bosch (so-called HADI system – Hydraulically Amplified Diesel Injector).

everything requires the strict application of adjusted values feedbacks.

directions of the injection systems remains still an open question.

Undoubtedly, the present state-of-the-art accumulation fuel systems provide great features and control precision of the injection process, but this advantage alone would not be able to meet further demands for green engines; it seems that development of direct injection strategy is closed to the systematic limitations. It is necessary to combine various progression trends, both in design and technology domains. As anticipated, the combustion engine shall be the basic drive source in the next 30-40 years, so the issue of development

**4. Conclusion** 

**1** 

M. P. Ashok

*India* 

**Role of Emulsified Fuel in** 

**for Fuel Injection System** 

*Department of Mechanical Engineering, FEAT,* 

 *Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu,* 

**the Present IC Engines – Need of Alodine EC** 

The present environment gets polluted day by day, due to the increase in industries, automobiles, etc., Eventhough, government has given strict rules and regulations against the environment pollution, practically there are lot of problems to implement the same by the users and production units, which leads to the result of global warming, acid rain, damaging of ozone layer affecting the green house effect and human health, etc. The pathetic information is that, the harmful pollutant does not allow the children also from

Due to the depletion of fossil fuel and its dangerous harmful emissions, the entire universe has given much attention for identifying an alternate fuel for the current existing engine. Also the fuel to be identified must have the property of fuel to the current existing engine and much free from the harmful pollution, emitted by IC (Internal Combustion) engine.

Present days emulsified fuel is much familiar for the IC Engines. Particularly ethanol based emulsion process fuels are much familiar, due to the depletion of fossil fuels. Entire universe has given much attention & many research works are going on based on the alternate fuel to

Based on that, emulsification technique is one of the possible approaches to identify an alternate fuel. Particularly /presently, the bio fuel from ethanol addition to the fossil fuels, play a vital role to run the current existing IC Engine, with best performance and fewer

Presently the maximum blending of 50% Ethanol to 50% Diesel (50E: 50D), research work has been carried out by M.P.Ashok, academician, researcher and scientist {(in the field of

Based on the test result of Phase-I, it is possible to run the engine at 50% blending of ethanol, in the normal fuel injection system for a single cylinder, DI (Direct Injection) oriented engine.

Water-in-Oil) W/O–Emulsion} at Annamalai University, India, during the year 2007.

Based on that, many research works have been carried out.

**1. Introduction** 

their birth itself.

the IC engines.

harmful emissions.

**Ethanol Corrosion Resistant Coating** 
