**4. Discussion**

160 Novel Approaches and Their Applications in Risk Assessment

Fig. 2. Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation of heavy metal in sediment.

but it is higher than different types of soil meadow in the study area.

By comparison among the main green vegetable's mixed samples of roots, stems, leaves in pine and poplar along the highway from the western Inner Mongolia with heavy metals in the background medium value of plants' rhizosphere soil [23,24] , the heavy metals of Cr, Ni, Cu, As, Pb levels in pine and poplar is below the world soil median chemical composition. Meanwhile, the results display the character, that is, the determination value is less than Chinese soil (A level) element of the background value and is less than Inner Mongolia's background value of soil elements and also less than different soil types in study area (meadow soil, brown soil, and chestnut soil). But Zn content (110.82 mg·kg-1) of poplar is significantly higher than the world median chemical composition of soil (9.0 14 mg·kg-1) and China Soil (A level) element of the background value (74.2 mg·kg-1), as well as Inner Mongolia soil element background values (59.1mg·kg-1). Simultaneity, Zn content of poplar is significantly higher than the study area in different soil types (such as meadow soil (59.10 mg·kg-1), brown soil (56.2 mg·kg-1) and chestnut soil (66.9 mg·kg-1) ; While Zn content of the pine (77.48 mg·kg-1) is close to the Chinese soil (A level) element of the background value,

Average concentration of heavy metals Zn and Hg in green plants and rhizosphere soil is similar, while other elements shown in the rhizosphere soil are higher than average levels in plants, for example, Cu in the soil content of plant is 1.6 times; The content of Pb and As in the soil is 7 times the plant; Cd, Cr, Ni in the soil are 10 times as in plants. The soil is alkaline

**3. Results and analysis** 

Along the highway of western Inner Mongolia, studies on the main green vegetable, leaf pine, rhizosphere Yang,heavy metal content, distribution, morphology and soil heavy metal bioavailability draw the following conclusions:


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#### **5. Acknowledgments**

This work was funded by the Inner Mongolia Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 2011MS0501),by the Inner Mongolia Grassland Elite Foundation of China (201140) ,by the Inner Mongolia Talent Development Foundation of China (2011RC1228) The Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China (20060400551) and .We are very grateful to Emmy Camada of Chinese Culture Center of San Francisco in USA for the comment on draft and grammar about the manuscript. Meanwhile, we thank Cui Yan and Liu Jianping for their support in determination of heavy metal at Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural Science, and colleagues Mao Jianshuai, Wang zala for their assistance in the fieldwork.

#### **6. References**


3. The different organs of the same plant have various degrees of enrichments in the different heavy metals. Five kinds of heavy metals' availability phase in the plants' rhizosphere soil are different in the total amount of the percentage in sequence and

4. The study reveals that the plants' absorption and utilization of heavy metal in rhizosphere soil is relevant to the percentage of availability phase, that is to say, the greater the percentage of availability phase is, the bigger enrichment of the heavy metal in the plants appears under a certain environmental condition where plants' transpiration pull and the transportation of water and nutrient shows the equal

This work was funded by the Inner Mongolia Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 2011MS0501),by the Inner Mongolia Grassland Elite Foundation of China (201140) ,by the Inner Mongolia Talent Development Foundation of China (2011RC1228) The Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China (20060400551) and .We are very grateful to Emmy Camada of Chinese Culture Center of San Francisco in USA for the comment on draft and grammar about the manuscript. Meanwhile, we thank Cui Yan and Liu Jianping for their support in determination of heavy metal at Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural Science, and

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**Section 2** 

**Risk Assessment in Human Health** 

