**Section 2**

**Risk Assessment in Human Health** 

164 Novel Approaches and Their Applications in Risk Assessment

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[33] Wu C N, Wang Y, Zhao L. 2004. The speciation characteristics of heavy metals

[35] Ernst W H O. l996. Bilavailability of heavy melals and deconrarniation of soils by

[36] Zhi Yingbiao, Wang Zailan, Wang Zhongsheng, *et al*. 2007. The absorption and

[37] Zhi Yingbiao, Wang Zailan, Ma Zhong, *et al*. 2007. The speciation and bioavailability of

formed by highway, Environmental Chemistry, 17(6):564 ~ 568.

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Quality, Beijing: Science Press, 1 ~ 22, 46 ~ 78.

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plants. Applied Geochemistry, 11:163 ~ 167

Mongolia. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 27 (5):1863 – 1872.

(2):194 ~ 198

(5):1018~1024.

(5): 2030 – 2039.

accumulation of mercury in soil-plant system. China Environmental Science, 18

as the capacity of desorption and adsorption in soil about heavy metal pollution

under monoand multiple*-*contamination conditions.2003,Acta Ecologica Sinica, 23

pollutants along highway in Shanghai-Nanjing (Zhenjiang segment),

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**9** 

*Romania* 

**Non-Invasive Matrices Use in** 

*1National Institute for Research and Development of Isotopic* 

*and Molecular Technologies Cluj-Napoca,* 

*Babes-Bolyai University Cluj-Napoca,* 

*2Environmental Science and Engineering Faculty,* 

**Pollution Evaluation at Nanoscale Levels –** 

**A Way Forward in Ecotoxicological Studies** 

"For the first time in the history of the world, every human being is now subjected to contact with dangerous chemicals, from the moment of conception until death" – R. Carson, Silent

This is a quote that summarizes the reality at this moment regarding our safety in our surrounding environment, wherever we are. Unfortunately, pollutants imminence is more increased in developing countries, given that they register higher level of pollutants in all environmental compartments owing to their poor pollution control and pollutants

In most cases, environment contamination is a result of humanity's lifestyle resulted from industrial-, agricultural activities and extended urbanization. For most of us it is more and more difficult to imagine our lifestyle from every day without using and profit of products stocked by chemical industry such as pharmaceuticals, petrochemicals, agrochemicals and many other consumer chemicals (Bhandari et al, 2009). Unfortunately together with the rise of chemical manufacture and its use has also come increasing public awareness and concern regarding presence of these chemicals in our surrounding environment. Concernments are mainly caused by the physicochemical properties of these chemical compounds and their

Owing to awareness's that was attributed by scientific communities and mass media to environmental pollution and living things exposure to such chemicals, has made a clutter regarding the terms like contamination and pollution, terms that tend to be use as synonyms (Hansen, 1993). On our days has been made an agreement between scientific experts, decision-makers and inspectors from different authorities at worldwide level, in that the term contamination should be used where a chemical is present in a given sample with no concrete evidence of harm while the term pollution could be used in cases where was

possible negative consequence linked to human health and biota.

**1. Introduction** 

Spring.

monitoring.

Melinda Haydee Kovacs1, Dumitru Ristoiu2 and Cezara Voica1
