**3.5 Host epidemiological status**

Wild boar and red deer are usually considered maintenance hosts in Iberian Peninsula and epidemiological evidence has been gathered to support this view (Table 5) based on the

Wildlife Tuberculosis: A Systematic Review of the Epidemiology in Iberian Peninsula 283

Meta prevalence

> 276/771 (35,8%)

78/371 (21,0%)

(27,6%)

*M. bovis* Spillover host?

*M. bovis* 8/121 Maintenance

*M. bovis* 116/420

Epidemiological status

Maintenance host

Reservoir?

Maintenance host

Reservoir?

*M. bovis* Spillover host Rodríguez *et al*.

*M. bovis* Spillover host Rodríguez *et al*.

Maintenance host?

*M. bovis* Spillover host Balseiro *et al*. (2009)

*M. bovis* 9/40 Spillover host Briones *et al*. (2000)

host

5/45 Spillover host Atance *et al*. (2005,

2006)

(2008) Rodríguez *et al*. (2010)

Maintenance host? Spillover host? Reservoir host? References

Aranaz *et al*. (2004) Acevedo-Whitehouse

Aranaz *et al*. (2004) Gortázar *et al*. (2008) Romero *et al*. (2008) Pinto *et al*. (2011) others

Aranaz *et al*. (2004) Gortázar *et al*. (2008,

Romero *et al*. (2008)

Candela *et al*. (2009) Rodríguez *et al*. (2010)

Pérez *et al*. (2001) Aranaz *et al*. (2004) Atance *et al*. (2006) Romero *et al*. (2008) Millán *et al*. (2009) Rodríguez *et al*. (2010)

Millán *et al*. (2008, 2009) Romero *et al*.

Atance *et al*. (2006) Sobrino *et al*. (2008) Rodríguez *et al*. (2010)

Balseiro *et al*. (2011)

2011)

others

(2010)

(2010)

*et al*. (2005) Gortázar *et al*. (2008) Romero *et al*. (2008) Santos *et al*. (2009) Pinto *et al*. (2011) others

Mycobacterial species

*M. bovis M. caprae* 

*M. bovis M. caprae* 

Taxonomic Order

Artiodactyla

Carnivora

Species Diagnostic

Wild boar *Sus scrofa*

Red deer *Cervus elaphus* 

Fallow deer *Dama dama* 

Chamois *Rupicapra pyrenaica* 

Mouflon *Ovis orientalis* 

Roe deer *Capreolus capreolus* 

Iberian lynx *Lynx pardina* 

Red fox *Vulpes vulpes* 

Badger *Meles meles* 

Barbary sheep *Ammotragus lervia*

technique

Bacteriology culture other

Bacteriology culture other

Bacteriology culture other

Bacteriology culture

Bacteriology culture

Bacteriology culture other

Bacteriology culture other

Bacteriology culture other

Bacteriology culture other

*M. bovis M. caprae* 

Table 5. Bovine tuberculosis host species described in the Iberian Peninsula. For references and meta prevalence rate calculations for wild boar, red and fallow deer only targeteddesign studies using bacteriological culture as diagnostic test on all animals samples are used. Meta prevalence in carnivores is exclusively based on passive-design studies.

IHC PCR

characterization of populations maintaining high bTB prevalence rates despite long-term lack of contacts with cattle. Fallow deer, Barbary sheep and badger are also discussed as possible maintenance hosts, while all other reported hosts are considered spillover. Wild boar, red and fallow deer have been suggested as possible reservoirs of infection for livestock.
