**3. Research question**

To explore how knowledge can be elicited to suit the needs of its stakeholder taking into account cultural and organizational norms.

A Roadmap for Requirements Elicitation of

role in the development of KM Systems.

social levels interlinked at the same time, (Nardi, 1996).

plays an important role in the development of KM Systems.

capture, storage and dissemination of information (Benbye, 2008).

starts with a problem and ends with a solution.

Anderson, n.d).

**engineering** 

follows SE principles?

Knowledge Management Systems: A Delphi Study 57

the ability for subjects to predict important aspects of development prior to initiation and to assess results after completion (Floyd,1992), it blinds software engineers to the communicative aspects of a collaborative software development activity; (Barthelmess &

Activity Theory (AT) is a philosophical and cross-disciplinary framework for studying different forms of human practices as development processes, with both individual and

AT is a development theory that seeks and explains qualitative changes in human practices over time (Uden, n.d). KMS also involves in qualitative changes in human practices, therefore AT is required in the development of KMS. AT helps to maintain adequately the relationship between the individual and social levels (Uden, n.d). KM Systems also incorporates relationship between the managerial personnel and its co-worker to the benefit of the organization (Nardi, 1996). This further emphasizes how AT can play an important

AT helps to maintain adequately the relationship between the individual and social levels (Uden, n.d). KM Systems also incorporates relation between the managerial personnel and its co-worker to the benefit of the organization (Stahl, 2006), this emphasizes AT definitely

KMS is developed in order to convince the need for improving productivity and the potential of employees and the company as a whole. The existing knowledge infrastructure is evaluated so that it can convey the idea that the present ways of doing things are not just sidelined in preference for a new system. KMS is a commercial system, generally IT based, mainly for managing knowledge and experience in organizations supporting creation,

In essence, KM is a method that simplifies the process of sharing, distributing, creating, capturing and understanding of a company's knowledge (Davenport & Prusak, 1998). KM

Software Engineering (SE) concerns methods and techniques to develop large software systems. The engineering metaphor is used to emphasize a systematic approach to develop systems that satisfy organizational requirements and constraints. Since SE is a typical knowledge-intensive discipline that evolves very fast and involves a large number of people, different phases and different activities (Rus & Lindvall, 2002), it is one of the disciplines that can benefits most from KM (Edwards, 2003). Does this mean that KMS

It can be derived that both practices (KM & SE) start with a problem. For an example, one of the challenges in KM is to change organizational culture, whereby it involves changing the people attitudes and behaviours to ensure that they contribute to the sharing of knowledge to the organization. However to use SE to develop a large software system in the industry, the processes also follow a number of defined steps which are accepted as best practice by the software engineers. The early phase for SE starts with information or requirements gathering while KMS requires knowledge capture in order to kick-start the development phases. Both the software engineers and the knowledge developer need to specify the suitable tools for designing their intended systems. From this discussion, both practices

**5.4 The connection between knowledge management system and software** 
