**8. Acknowledgments**

98 New Research on Knowledge Management Technology

FOAF:Document, FOAF:Group, FOAF:Image, FOAF:OnlineAccount, FOAF:Orgnization, FOAF:Person, FOAF:PersonalProfileDocument, FOAF:Project to represent an agent, document, group, image, account, organization, person, personal profile information or project respectively. Currently, although some tools are developed to capture FOAF information automatically from the web, the reliability of those tools is not enough to be completed the task by computers itself. The machine's knowledge presentation is in need of man's intervention. As a result, knowledge representation in FOAF project should be

(2) Knowledge interconnection: The FOAF language defines tags FOAF:knows, FOAF:made, FOAF:maker, FOAF:fundBy, FOAF:member, FOAF:member, FOAF:currentProjects, FOAF:pastProjects, FOAF:SchoolHomepag to represent relationships between friends, resource and its makers, resource and its funders, organization and its members ,a project and its relevant projects, persons and schools. Therefore, applications on the top of FOAF

(3) Knowledge reasoning: Applications built on the top of FOAF can conduct social network analysis and compute the size or density of a collaborative network, degree of or distances between actors, length of a collaborative walk, diameter and radius of a collaborative

(4) Knowledge retrieving: Queries of knowledge retrieving in these applications can be written in the SPARQL language, a query language for RDF recommended by W3C.As SPARQL has a good support for expressing queries across diverse data sources, applications built on the

(5) Knowledge validation: FOAF applications can validate the results sets of retrieving activities by integration the semantic web with web2.0. The knowledge represented by semantic web technologies has good support for machine readability and be convenient to validate automatically. However, machines are not always competent at automatic knowledge validation and in need of human intervention. Pro-Ams (Profession Amateurs) from the long tails of web2.0 applications have good domain knowledge and can be used to

(6) Knowledge integration: the Knowledge validation could be followed by integration of knowledge from different sources. A semantic web-based collaborative knowledge processing system built on FOAF project has a good capability for integrating personal information with tacit knowledge, explicit knowledge or application by integration the

While FOAF is a simple application of the Semantic Web, it has been widely used in social network analysis[23, search engine[24], e-commerce partner query [25].The success of FOAF application not only stress the necessity for studying human-machine collaborative knowledge management, but also highlights the importance of human intervention in

The increasing popularity of Internet technology highlights limitations of human brain in the speed, accuracy, strength, storage capacity, storage time and standardization of knowledge processing. As a result, computer is becoming an alternative tool of knowledge processing. However, the human-oriented knowledge representation, which is a common feature of traditional knowledge representation technologies, makes the machines'

FOAF can provide cross domain data sharing and on-demand knowledge services.

conducted by the collaboration of men and machines.

can build a machine readable web of knowledge elements.

network, reachability between enablers, and centrality of an agent.

make up for deficiencies in knowledge validation by computers.

semantic web technologies with web2.0 principles.

knowledge processing by computers.

**7. Conclusions** 

This research was supported by Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 71103020), Key Laboratory of Data Engineering and Knowledge Engineering (Renmin University of China), Ministry of Education (No. KF2011001), Funding Project for Academic Human Resources Development in Institutions of Higher Learning Under the Jurisdiction of Beijing Municipality(No. PHR201108368), and National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program, No.2011CB302302).
