**5. References**


In conclusion, the fertilizing capacity and egg hatchability were not significantly reduced by the post-thaw sperm treated with 12-21%DMSO, although the post-thaw sperm quality was influenced during the freezing and thaw process in motility, ultrastructure and mitochondrial function. The cryopreservation protocol used for red seabream sperm should be of great value for the establishment of sperm banks and assessment of ultrastructure and flow cytometry facilitated identification of damaged sperm; However, the exact nature of cryodamage to fish sperm are not yet fully understood. Sperm motility, structure integrity and mitochondrion function were damaged with different extent, although the fertilization capacity of cryopreserved sperm was not changed. There are many questions need to answer, how does the cryodamage reduce the sperm motility duration? If the cryodamages influence the gene expression and the embryo and larvae development? how to improve the

This study was funded by the State 863 High-Technology R&D Project of China (2003AA603510 and 2004AA603310), the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Y02507101Q), The National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (41076100 an31072212) and the earmarked fund for Modern

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**13**

*Hungary* 

**(***Silurus glanis***)**

Tamás Müller and Ákos Horváth

**Sperm Cryopreservation of Two European** 

**(***Sander lucioperca***) and the Wels Catfish** 

Wels catfish (*Silurus glanis*) and pikeperch (*Sander lucioperca*) are two predator fish species cultivated in the traditional Central European pond aquaculture. Their role in the pond ecosystem is the control of the populations of smaller wild fish that enter ponds during their flooding in the Spring and would represent food competition for the cultured cyprinids. In addition, both species are highly priced for their excellent boneless meat, therefore, attempts

The process of induced propagation of wels catfish is based on a long-standing technology. However, certain problems can still appear: the method of collecting male gametes is still based on the removal of testes. By the application of this method a particular male can only be used once for propagation. Moreover, differentiation of sexes requires a great deal of experience and the danger of using an immature female with a less developed body structure is still present. As a result of listed problems the success of propagation becomes questionable. In recent years successful experiments have been carried out in the pikeperch in many farms and research centers for the development of induced propagation in hatcheries. Synchronization of maturation of female individuals is not perfectly developed yet, thus, successful striping requires a constant attention and control. That is why minimizing the presence of males and securing sperm in a most simple way could focus attention on females. Application of cryopreserved male gametes for fish propagation in hatcheries can serve as a solution for all mentioned difficulties and risks. History of fish sperm cryopreservation dates back to the beginning of 1950s, since then the sperm of more than 200 fish species has been cryopreserved successfully all over the world (Rana, 1995). In spite of this the application of cryopreserved fish sperm is still not very common in aquaculture in contract to e.g. the dairy cattle sector. Most studies done on cryopreservation of fish sperm put the emphasis on optimization of the process, on cryopreservation of a small amounts of male gametes, thus, rendering this technology to the level of laboratory experiments without any

are made to improve their culture and enhance yields (Horváth et al., 2002).

**1. Introduction** 

basic output for farmers.

**Predator Fish Species, the Pikeperch**

Zoltán Bokor, Béla Urbányi, László Horváth,

*Department of Aquaculture, Szent István University* 

Zhang, Y. Z.; Zhang, S. C.; Liu, X. Z.; Xu, Y. Y.; Wang, C. L.; Sawant, M. S.; Li, J. & Chen, S. L. (2003). Cryopreservation of flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) sperm with a practical methodology. Theriogenology 60(5):989–996.
