**3. Bone transplantation**

38 Current Frontiers in Cryopreservation

The good results with the clinical application of allografts in dentistry motivate their use on an increasing scale, until in 2005 Dentistry came into the scene with the use of tissues in maxillary and mandibular pre-prosthetic surgery. A consensus between the National Transplant System and the Federal Board of Dentistry allows the use of allografts by specialists in the areas of Implant Dentistry, Periodontics and Oral and Maxillofacial. The tissue banks, in turn, prepare a tissue processing line geared toward dental needs with a

Thus usage has become both abrupt and a tendency in the last 5 years (RBT, 2006-2010). In spite of a significant number of bone transplants in the dental area with good clinical results, the dental profession is still lacking information about activities that involve the area of tissue banks, particularly in the rigid quality control and traceability. Such activities are founded on international standards2, literature3 and legislation4 and implemented according

We consider it very important to gather epidemiological data on bone transplants in dentistry, elucidating the size and the limits of this type of treatment that is already considered a tendency in our field. In addition, to report on our perspectives of investigation into the efficacy and safety of the use of allografts, with tests that can enable us to expand our knowledge about the osseointegration of allografts. In other words, knowledge that allows us to reach what we consider most important in dental treatments:

Bone tissue is composed of two portions: 1. Organic, consisting of intrinsic bone cells (osteoblasts, osteoclasts and osteocytes) and the organic matrix synthesized thereby; 2. Inorganic, consisting of hydroxyapatite, deposited amorphously in an initial phase and that in a short space of time is converted into another crystalline hydroxyapatite. Organic matrix

In spite of the resistance and hardness, bone tissue is very plastic and has a high capacity to remodel through various situations to which it is submitted, such as fractures, lesions and bone loss. The bone tissue regeneration process starts from important biological reactions, triggered by the actual tissue lesion. Grafting triggers a mechanism of migration of the bone cells belonging to the receptor bed to the inside of the graft, with the purpose of resorbing it

2European Association of Tissue Banks. Common Standards for Tissues and Cells Banking: Berlin:

American Association of Tissue Banks. Standards for Tissue Banking. 11th ed. McLean : American

3Phillips GO, Strong DM, Versen RV, Nather A. Advances in Tissue Banking. Vol. 4. World Scientific .

Bancroft JD, Stevens A. Theory and practice of histological techniques. Fourth Edition. Churchill

4Law n.9434 of February 5, 1997; Decree n.2268 of June 30, 1997;Administrative Ruling n.1686 of September 20, 2002; Resolution n. 220 of December 27, 2006; Administrative Ruling n. 2600 of October

corresponds to 35% of the bone volume and inorganic matrix to 65%.

focus on quality control and traceability.

to Good Manufacturing Practice- GMP.

the predictability of treatment.

and replacing it with neoformed bone.

European Association of Tissue Banks; 2004.

Association of Tissue Banks; 2007

Livingstone. United Kingdom, 1999.

New Jersey, 2000.

21, 2009.

**2. Bone tissue** 

The term transplant is not widely used by the dental community to refer to the use of bone tissue. The common term is bone grafting. The bone graft can receive a nomenclature and be classified according to the origin of its obtainment and on the implant site (Table 1).


Table 1. Classification of grafts according to their nature. Source: Drumond, 2000
