Contents

#### **Preface** XIII


X Contents


Contents VII

Chapter 16 **Cryopreservation of the Sperm of the African Catfish** 

Ofelia Galman Omitogun, Olanrewaju Ilori,

Sunday Aladele and Wasiu Odofin

**Part 5 Cryopreservation of Plants 331**

Chapter 18 **Cryopreservation of Tropical Plant** 

and Florent Engelmann

Conceição Santos

David J. Burritt

Chapter 21 **Plant Cryopreservation 431** 

**Part 6 Equipment and Assays 439** 

M. Romero and A. Mombru

**for the Thriving Aquaculture Industry in Nigeria 305** 

Olawale Olaniyan, Praise Amupitan, Tijesunimi Oresanya,

Chapter 17 **Comparison of Cryopreservation Methods of Vegetatively Propagated Crops Based on Thermal Analysis 333**  Jiří Zámečník, Miloš Faltus, Alois Bilavčík and Renata Kotková

> **Germplasm with Vegetative Propagation – Review of Sugarcane (***Saccharum* **spp.) and**

**Forest Species: The Cork Oak Case Study 397**

R.K. Radha, William S. Decruse and P.N. Krishnan

Chapter 22 **X Ray Diffraction: An Approach to Structural Quality of Biological Preserved Tissues in Tissue Banks 441**  H. Perez Campos, Mc. Saldias, G. Sanchez, P. Martucci,

Mc. Acosta, I. Alvarez, R. Faccio, L. Suescun,

Chapter 19 **Somatic Embryogenesis and Cryopreservation in**

Chapter 20 **Proline and the Cryopreservation of Plant Tissues: Functions and Practical Applications 415** 

**Pineapple (***Ananas comusus* **(L.) Merrill) Cases 359**  Marcos Edel Martinez-Montero, Maria Teresa Gonzalez Arnao

	- **Part 5 Cryopreservation of Plants 331**

VI Contents

**Part 2 Human Asisited Reproduction Techniques (ART) 103**

**Open** *vs.* **Closed** *vs.* **Semi-Closed Vitrification Systems 105**

Chapter 6 **The Problem of Contamination:** 

Enrique Criado Scholz

Kampon Kaeoket

**Part 3 Farm / Pet / Laboratory Animal ART 137**

**An Important Role of Antioxidants 139** 

**Rabbit Species (***Oryctolagus cuniculus***) 179**  Thierry Joly, Vanessa Neto and Pascal Salvetti

**Large Animals and Non-Human Primates 187** Milan Milenkovic, Cesar Díaz-Garcia and Mats Brännström

Vanessa Neto, Thierry Joly, Loris Commin, Pierre Bruyère, Anne Baudot, Gérard Louis, Pierre Guérin and Samuel Buff

**Evaluation in Sperm Structure and Function 239**

**Fish Species, the Pikeperch (***Sander lucioperca***) and** 

Chapter 11 **New Approaches of Ovarian Tissue Cryopreservation from Domestic Animal Species 205**

**Part 4 Cryopreservation of Aquatic Species 237**

Chapter 12 **Marine Fish Sperm Cryopreservation and Quality** 

Qing Hua Liu, Zhi Zhong Xiao, Shi Hong Xu, Dao Yuan Ma, Yong Shuang Xiao and Jun Li

Chapter 13 **Sperm Cryopreservation of Two European Predator** 

**the Wels Catfish (***Silurus glanis***) 253**  Zoltán Bokor, Béla Urbányi, László Horváth,

**Freshwater Fish Species in Malaysia 269** Poh Chiang Chew and Abd. Rashid Zulkafli

Yusuf Bozkurt, İlker Yavas and Fikret Karaca

Chapter 15 **Cryopreservation of Brown Trout (***Salmo trutta macrostigma***) and Ornamental Koi Carp (***Cyprinus carpio***) Sperm 293**

Tamás Müller and Ákos Horváth

Chapter 14 **Sperm Cryopreservation of Some** 

Chapter 7 **Cryopreservation of Boar Spermatozoa:** 

Chapter 8 **Cryopreservation of Rat Sperm 165** Hideaki Yamashiro and Eimei Sato

Chapter 9 **Cryopreservation of Genetic Diversity in** 

Chapter 10 **Review on Ovarian Cryopreservation in** 

	- **Part 6 Equipment and Assays 439**

Preface

well.

started their journey to this fascinating science.

Almost a decade has passed since the last textbook on the science of cryobiology and the most common methods of cryopreservation was published [Fuller *et al*, 2007], to which we will refer as *"the previous book"* here and below. When it was published, it became a useful guide for both "seasoned" cryobiologists and those who had just

However, there have been some serious tectonic shifts in cryobiology, which were perhaps not seen on the surface but may have a profound effect on both the future of cryobiology and on the development of new cryopreservation methods. We feel that it is time to revise the previous paradigms and dogmas, discuss the conceptually new cryobiological ideas and introduce the recently emerged practical methods of cryopreservation. The present books, *Current Frontiers in Cryobiology* [Katkov, 2012A] (referred here as *Book 1*) and *Current Frontiers in Cryopreservation* [Katkov, 2012B] (*Book 2*), will serve the purpose. These two books are not a substitute for *the previous book* but are rather complementary, so we highly recommend to all readers who want to know the background on which *the current books* were written to read *the previous book* as

Before we describe the current books, let us first briefly compare them to the previous book in retrospective. First of all, there were some very promising directions a decade ago that unfortunately did not meet the expectations. Molecular biology and genetics, particularly in regards to expression of stress proteins and other pathways related to the cell injury, have not introduced any serious breakthroughs except for the use of ROCK inhibitors for cryopreservation of human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells. The latter really was a revolutionary discovery, which however, was not made by cryobiologists; it was just *"*picked up*"* by them from the Watanabe's seminal work [Watanabe *et al*, 2007] (see the Chapter by Martin- Ibáñez in *Book 1* for details). In general, however, all those molecular biology tools have helped the solution but have not solved the cryopreservation problems *per se*. One of the backlashes of this new era is that the "traditional" cryobiologists now have little chances of getting a grant from many funding agencies such as NIH, whose panels are dominated by molecular biologists and geneticists, unless the applicant is willing to study those pathways and use of transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and other *"*omics*"*. Yet, all those very expensive tools have so far added a little to the science of cryobiology, and
