**6.4.41 Surfactant**

332 Complementary Pediatrics

*Uses:* Treatment of normal anion gap metabolic acidosis caused by renal or GI losses. Sodium bicarbonate is not a recommended therapy in neonatal resuscitation guidelines.

*Adverse Effects:* Excess sodium in the body, which can manifest itself in the body of water retention, swelling, weakness, anxiety, swollen tongue, dizziness and headaches, fever, decrease in saliva and urine, pressure drop, rapid heart rate, apnea (Young & Mangum,

*Uses:* Prevention and treatment of stress ulcers and GI hemorrhage aggravated by gastric

*Adverse Effects:* 1/100 Fatigue. Diarrhea, rash, dizziness. 1/1000 Allergic reactions such as swelling of the skin rash, fever, seizures or asthma. Changes in the blood picture and liver function. Jaundice. Depression, hallucinations, disorientation, especially in debilitated and

Steroids are used as anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive or in rheumatic diseases in order to increase sensitivity against beta adrenergic, chronic ulcerative colitis, nephrotic

The drug can be administered 1-2 times a day by oral route. Hydrocortisone should be administered deeply IM and delta frame should not be performed. Steroids should be administered by SC route as they cause sterile abscess and pseudoatrophy. The duration of therapy may differ from 3-5 days to weeks or months depending on the diagnosis of child.

*Side Effects*: Edema, hypertension, headache, convulsion, acne, skin atrophy, hypokalemia, alkalosis, Cushing syndrome, hyperglycemia, peptic ulcer, nausea, vomiting, cataract,

*The things to be considered by nurse applying the drug:* The recommendation of manufacturer on the route of administration should be taken into consideration. Nurse should administer the drug slowly by IV route. In oral administration it should be administered at meal intervals or after meals to decrease gastric irritation of drug. Salt is limited in foods. If possible diets rich in potassium and protein are prepared. The blood pressure and other vital signs, inputoutput, sleeping condition and daily weight check of child is observed in recorded. Oral and

The drug is metabolized in liver and discharged from body via urinary system.

glaucoma and muscle weakness are observed side effects (Kavakl et al, 1998).

elderly patients. Seeing the fog. Pain in muscles and joints (Young & Mangum, 2010).

*Dose:* PO: 2 mg/kg per dose Q8 hours. IV: 1.5 mg/kg per dose Q8 hours.

**6.4.38 Sodium bicarbonicum 8.4%** 

2010).

**6.4.39 Ranitidine** 

acid secretion.

**6.4.40 Steroids** 

*Dose:* 

Administration during brief CPR may be determinal.

*Dose:* 1 to 2 mEq/kg IV over at least 30 minutes

syndrome, tuberculosis meningitis and asthma.

Hydrocortisone 10-20 IV, IM, Oral Methylprednisolone 0.4-2 IV, IM, Oral

Prednisone 1-2 Oral

*Uses:* Prophylaxis of infants at high risk for RDS (those < 29 weeks gestation).

*Mode of Action:* Preparation obtained from the lungs of beef. Lowers the surface tension of pulmonary alveoli, allowing easy opening of the alveoli and facilitates the process of respiration (Young & Mangum, 2010).
