**6.4.12 Chloral hydrate**

320 Complementary Pediatrics

In order to ensure well absorption by oral route the drug should be administered 1-1.5 hours after meals. In order to promote intestinal absorption the use of milk and milk products should be decreased. As calcium gluconate increases the digital toxicity it should be

The effect of drug on tetany treatment is evaluated by neuromuscular recovery (Kavakl et

*Administration:* It can be either slowly administered by IV route in 10-30 minutes or used as

*Drugs to be confronted at the end point:* Dex/Amino acid, Lipid solution, Aminophylline, Ampicillin, Amicasin, Dobutamine, Furosemide, Heparin, Midazolom, Meropenem,

*Side effects:* Bradycardia, cardiac arrest, tissue necrosis, intestinal bleeding, diarrhea, gastric irritation. It should be used carefully in patients who receive digital treatment and has

*Uses:* Treatment of moderate to severe hypertension. Afterload reduction in patients with

*Dose:* 0.01 to 0.05 mg/kg per dose PO Q8 to 12 hours. Adjust dose and interval based on

*Adverse Effects:* Captopril produces the following side effects: Angioedema with involvement of the face, mouth, larynx, tongue, and glossitis, neutropenia, anemia and thrombocytopenia, proteinuria, acidosis, tachycardia, cardiac arrest, arrhythmias, rash and erythema multiform, exfoliate dermatitis, photosensitivity, elevated liver enzymes in serum, liver cell injury, cholestasis jaundice, gastric irritation, hepatitis, drowsiness, nervousness, depression, paresthesias of hands, confusion, ataxia, bronchitis, bronchospasm, pneumonia

*Uses:* Treatment of neonatal sepsis and meningitis caused by susceptible gram-negative organisms (e.g. E coli, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, H influenzae). Treatment of gonococcal

*Dose:* Septis and disseminated gonococcal infection: 50mg/kg Q24 hours. Meningitis: 100 mg/kg loading dose, then 80 mg/kg Q24 hours. Uncomplicated gonococcal ophthalmia: 50 mg/kg (maximum 125 mg) single dose. (note: topical antibiotic therapy alone is inadequate and is unnecessary if systemic treatment is administered). IV administration: infusion by syringe pump over 30 minutes. Avoid administration of calcium-containing solution or products within 48 hours of the last administration. IM administration: to reduce pain at the

injection site, reconstitute with 1% lidocaine without epinephrine.

attentively administered in patients receiving digital.

*Incompatibility:* Amphotericin B, Fluconazole, Sodium bicarbonate

al, 1998).

bradypnea.

**6.4.10 Captopril** 

congestive heart failure.

**6.4.11 Ceftriaxone** 

infections.

response. Administer 1 hour before feeding.

eosinophil, rhinitis (Young & Mangum, 2010).

continuous infusion.

*Miscible Serums:* 5% Dex, 10% Dex, SF

Potassium chloride, Vancomycin

*Uses:* Sedative/hypnotic for short-term use only. Chloral hydrate has no analgesic after a feeding to reduce gastric irritation.

*Dose:* 25 to 75 mg/kg per dose PO. Oral preparation should be diluted or administered after feeding to reduce gastric irritation.

*Adverse Effects:* Chloral hydrate may lead to unpleasant side effects, including: drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Toxic doses (overdoses) can cause a marked drop in blood pressure and severely compromised respiration (breathing). Signs of an overdose of chloral hydrate can include: confusion, seizures, difficulty breathing, slurred speech, slow or irregular heartbeat, vomiting, weakness, and a lowered body temperature. Chronic use of chloral hydrate is also associated with a severe withdrawal syndrome and may induce liver damage (Young & Mangum, 2010).
