**12. Methods of circumcision**

Circumcision is one of the oldest and commonest operations in medicine. There are several, methods aiming for completely exposure of the glans and complete excision of the prepuce.

In infants and neonates:

Primitive methods: Bamboo - Lazem - shield (Ritual Jewish Circumcision).

Standard methods: Bone forceps, surgical dissection - circumcision by the use of special instruments (Gomco clamp- plastibell device- Mogen clamp) (Holman et al,1990).

In older children and adults:

Dorsal slit and dissection technique-sleeve resection method.

In Sudan, Bamboo size of the glans is applied over the glans down to the corona to protect the glans inside it while the prepuce is pulled out over the outer surface of the bamboo and cut off at the appropriate level.

Blunt circumcision on clamps (lazem or kalloba) (Arnaout et al., 1962), made of non-cutting blades articulating at one end are widely used by village barbers in rural areas.

Ritual Jewish Circumcision: The Jewish ritual operation is usually done by a professional circumciser who is trained to do the operation as well as to observe the rituals. Circumcision is usually done in a Synagogue but now is done in hospitals.
