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**13** 

*Brazil* 

**Infantile Hospitalisation and Chronic Disease** 

This chapter attempts to characterise the process of chronic disease and infant hospitalisation, the relationship between healthcare professionals, children and their families, in addition to considering the implications which chronic disease has throughout the life of the child and their family. The chapter also considers the changes in the field of pediatrics, its gaps and shortcomings and its position in the biomedical field, defining

The chapter intends to contribute to the construction of knowledge within pediatrics in the face of contemporary concerns and reflections about chronic disease which can serve as a reference point for the promotion of healthcare strategies, principally specialised hospital

With the evolution of diagnostic methods and new treatment methods there has been a great deal of discussion and research into chronic disease and its implications for the lives of child suffers. Chronic disease effects millions of people throughout the world, however, it is fundamental that we reflect upon the peculiarities involved when this experience occurs during childhood. To be able to speak of chronic illness and of infant hospitalisation, it is necessary to locate this stage of the child's development, which we refer to as childhood, whilst also considering the role which children occupy in contemporary society from the

Until the 18th Century children were the responsibility of the family which ensured the transmission of physical life, family possessions and names, but had no specific concern with educational. The State and charity were utilised only in cases of abandonment (Aries,

However, from the Renaissance to the Enlightenment the concern with children's health intensified, beginning from a sense of conservation and protection of childhood originating with mercantilism, and later, to capitalists with the intention of strengthening and expanding armies and a necessity for abundant labour power. Educational performance, which began to take centre stage in shaping children, was dominated by vigilance and discipline and was concerned with morality and a sense of responsibility. Likewise, the Family was elected as the principle cell in which to focus hygiene, nutrition and control

**1. Introduction** 

technical and scientific principles.

vantage point of healthcare.

2009).

(Aries, 2009).

care, for those children in hospital care.

Camila Aloisio Alves1 and Rosa Maria de Araújo Mitre2 *1Gama Filho University and the Petropolis Faculty of Medicine,* 

*2The Fernandes Figueira Institute / Fiocruz,* 

