**Meet the editor**

Dr Guoxiang Liu is a Research Engineer at the Energy & Environmental Research Center, University of North Dakota. Dr Liu's principal areas of interest and expertise include numerical modeling and fluid analysis in enhanced oil/gas recovery, carbon sequestration, risk assessment, geomechanical behavior, geochemical reaction, contaminant remediation, and related energy

and environmental areas. In addition, he is interested in computational fluid dynamics, heat transfer, and thermodynamics as well as applying evolutionary algorithms and parallel computing techniques to these areas. Dr Liu received his Ph.D. degree in Civil and Environmental Engineering from West Virginia University, master's degree in Computer Science from Leiden University, the Netherlands, and bachelor's degree in Analytical Chemistry from Yunnan Normal University, P.R. China.

Contents

**Preface IX** 

**Part 1 Greenhouse Gases Capturing and Utilization 1** 

Chapter 2 **Recent Advances in Catalytic/Biocatalytic Conversion of Greenhouse Methane and Carbon Dioxide to Methanol and Other Oxygenates 31** 

Tirzhá L. P. Dantas, Alírio E. Rodrigues and Regina F. P. M. Moreira

**Petroleum Industry: A Comparative Study in an Iranian Petrochemical Plant by Using Simulated Process Data 81** 

**in the Presence of Carbon Dioxide over Metal Oxides 117** 

Maria do Carmo Rangel, Ana Paula de Melo Monteiro,

Márcia de Souza Ramos and Sirlene Barbosa Lima

**Catalytic Bio-Ethanol Steam Reforming 137** 

Chapter 1 **Carbon Dioxide: Capturing and Utilization 3**  Ali Kargari and Maryam Takht Ravanchi

Moses O. Adebajo and Ray L. Frost

Chapter 3 **Separation of Carbon Dioxide from Flue Gas Using Adsorption on Porous Solids 57** 

Chapter 4 **The Needs for Carbon Dioxide Capture from** 

**in a Bubble-Column Scrubber 95** 

Marcelo Oportus, Patricio Reyes,

Vincenzo Palma, Filomena Castaldo, Paolo Ciambelli and Gaetano Iaquaniello

Chapter 7 **Sustainable Hydrogen Production by** 

Chapter 5 **Absorption of Carbon Dioxide** 

Chapter 6 **Ethylbenzene Dehydrogenation** 

Pao-Chi Chen

Mansoor Zoveidavianpoor, Ariffin Samsuri, Seyed Reza Shadizadeh and Samir Purtjazyeri

## Contents

#### **Preface XI**

#### **Part 1 Greenhouse Gases Capturing and Utilization 1**

	- **Part 2 Greenhouse Gases Reduction and Storage 239**

Preface

Greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane, and ozone, play an important role in balancing the temperature of the Earth's surface by absorbing and emitting radiation within the thermal infrared range from the source. However, with the enormous burning of fossil fuels from the industrial revolution, the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has greatly increased. The increase has most likely caused serious issues such as global warming and climate change. Such issues urgently request strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere. The main strategies include clean and renewable energy development, efficient energy utilization, transforming greenhouse gases to nongreenhouse gases/compounds, and

The book entitled Greenhouse Gases - Capturing, Utilization and Reduction covers two parts, a total of 13 chapters. Part 1 (Chapters 1–9) focuses on capturing greenhouse gases by difference techniques such as physical adsorption and separation, chemical structural reconstruction, and biological usage. Part 2 (Chapters 10-13) pays attention to the techniques of greenhouse gases in reduction and storage, such as alternative

I would like to thank all of authors for their significant contributions on each chapter, providing high-quality information to share with worldwide colleagues. I also want to thank the book managers, Maja Bozicevic and Viktorija Zgela, for their help during the

**Guoxiang Liu, Ph.D.** 

USA

University of North Dakota,

Energy & Environmental Research Center,

energy research, energy utilization policy, and geological storage monitoring.

capturing and storing greenhouse gases underground.

entire publication process.


## Preface

VI Contents

Chapter 8 **Destruction of Medical N2O in Sweden 185** 

**Rumen Methane and Ammonia Production 199**  Małgorzata Szumacher-Strabel and Adam Cieślak

**Mitigation Strategies to Reduce Methane Production 255**

**Part 2 Greenhouse Gases Reduction and Storage 239** 

Chapter 10 **Effective Choice of Consumer-Oriented Environmental Policy Tools for Reducing GHG Emissions 241**

Maria Csutora and Ágnes Zsóka

Veerasamy Sejian and S. M. K. Naqvi

Chapter 12 **General Equilibrium Effects of Policy Measures**

**Monitoring Technologies Review 299** 

**Applied to Energy: The Case of Catalonia 277** 

Mats Ek and Kåre Tjus

Chapter 9 **Dietary Possibilities to Mitigate** 

Chapter 11 **Livestock and Climate Change:** 

Chapter 13 **Carbon Dioxide Geological Storage:** 

Maria Llop

Guoxiang Liu

Greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane, and ozone, play an important role in balancing the temperature of the Earth's surface by absorbing and emitting radiation within the thermal infrared range from the source. However, with the enormous burning of fossil fuels from the industrial revolution, the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has greatly increased. The increase has most likely caused serious issues such as global warming and climate change. Such issues urgently request strategies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere. The main strategies include clean and renewable energy development, efficient energy utilization, transforming greenhouse gases to nongreenhouse gases/compounds, and capturing and storing greenhouse gases underground.

The book entitled Greenhouse Gases - Capturing, Utilization and Reduction covers two parts, a total of 13 chapters. Part 1 (Chapters 1–9) focuses on capturing greenhouse gases by difference techniques such as physical adsorption and separation, chemical structural reconstruction, and biological usage. Part 2 (Chapters 10-13) pays attention to the techniques of greenhouse gases in reduction and storage, such as alternative energy research, energy utilization policy, and geological storage monitoring.

I would like to thank all of authors for their significant contributions on each chapter, providing high-quality information to share with worldwide colleagues. I also want to thank the book managers, Maja Bozicevic and Viktorija Zgela, for their help during the entire publication process.

> **Guoxiang Liu, Ph.D.**  Energy & Environmental Research Center, University of North Dakota, USA

**Part 1** 

**Greenhouse Gases Capturing and Utilization** 
