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**15** 

*Brazil* 

**Effects of Herbicide Atrazine** 

**in Experimental Animal Models** 

*1Laboratório de Biologia Estrutural e Funcional (LABEF),* 

*Ometto, UNIARARAS, Araras, São Paulo* 

Grasiela D.C. Severi-Aguiar2 and Elaine C.M. Silva-Zacarin1

*2Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biomédicas, Centro Universitário Hermínio* 

Atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-1,3,5-triazine) is a widely used herbicide in many countries for the control of broadleaf and grassy weeds in agricultural crops. The State of São Paulo, located in Brazil Southeast, is an important sugarcane, soybean and corn producing area with high use of chemicals in agriculture and potential risk of environmental contamination because of the pesticide dissemination, among them the

The prolonged use of ATZ and its persistence involves the risk of its retention in crops and soils; moreover, these compounds may also pass from surface to ground waters (Figure 1). In this way, ever-increasing agriculture has caused contamination of natural water sources (Mundiam et al., 2011). The maximum contaminant levels for the most of triazines in

Some European countries have included ATZ on the list of pesticide residues to be controlled because it is a potential contaminant due to its chemical characteristics, including lipophilicity, slow hydrolysis, moderate to low water solubility, and high solubility in organic solvents with high absorption by organic matter, clay, and fat tissues (Ross et al., 2009). The lack of data about the effects of ATZ metabolites has prompted the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (U.S. EPA) to state that the toxicity of atrazine's metabolites is equivalent to that of its parent compound and that exposure to these metabolites should be taken into account for risk assessment purposes (Ralston-Hooper et

Mohammad & Itoh (2011) presented the relative risk of various scenarios of exposure and recovery with an aquatic test organism submitted a long-term exposure to herbicides and demonstrated the toxicity of isolated or mixtures of ATZ at different concentrations. However, the patterns of accumulation of xenobiotics vary depending on the organism, characteristics of the chemical compound, quantity of this substance present in the environment, and the balance between assimilation and metabolic rates (Nwani et al., 2011).

atrazine (ATZ) leaching to groundwater (Cerdeira et al*.*, 2005).

drinking water are 3 parts per billion (µg/L) (Costa Silva et al., 2010).

**1. Introduction** 

al., 2009).

*Universidade Federal de São Carlos – UFSCAR, Sorocaba, São Paulo;* 

