**4. Conclusion**

The methodology of bioassays for the detection of residues of sulfentrazone in soil is adequate.

The herbicide when applied in the cultivation of sugarcane cv. SP8018160 and soybean cv. Embrapa 48 shows long persistence in the soil and affects significantly the development of millet cv. Italiano and oats cv. White and wheat cv. IAC 24 (at 1.2 kg ha-1) in soybean rotation, however, for sunflower cv.Uruguay and kidney bean cv . IAC Carioca and wheat cv. IAC 24 (dose 0.6 kg ha-1), sulfentrazone does not affect the development of these plants.

### **5. References**


analysis showed that the treatments were not significant, thus demonstrating the selectivity of this herbicide for these crops. For wheat crop, the selectivity of the herbicide was variable according to the dose tested. It was selective for the lowest dose and not selective for the

The methodology of bioassays for the detection of residues of sulfentrazone in soil is

The herbicide when applied in the cultivation of sugarcane cv. SP8018160 and soybean cv. Embrapa 48 shows long persistence in the soil and affects significantly the development of millet cv. Italiano and oats cv. White and wheat cv. IAC 24 (at 1.2 kg ha-1) in soybean rotation, however, for sunflower cv.Uruguay and kidney bean cv . IAC Carioca and wheat cv. IAC 24 (dose 0.6 kg ha-1), sulfentrazone does not affect the development of these plants.

Alexander, M. (1965). Persistence and biological reaction of pesticides in soil. Soil Science.

Astolfi, E.; Landoni, J. H.; Almeida, E. (1984). *Curso sobre toxicologia de defensivos agrícolas*, 3.

Blanco, F. M. G (2002). Persistência do herbicida sulfentrazone em solos cultivados com

Blanco, F. M. G.; Velini, E. D (2005). Persistência do herbicida sulfentrazone em solo

Blanco, F. M. G.; Velini, E. D; Batista Filho, A. (2010). Persistência do herbicida sulfentrazone

Blanco, H. G (1979). Destino, comportamento e resíduos de herbicidas no solo. *O Biológico*,

Blanco, H. G.; Oliveira, D. A.; Araújo, J. B. M. (1978). Período crítico de competição de uma

Blanco, H. G.; Oliveira, D. A.; Araújo, J. B. M. (1979). Competição entre plantas daninhas e a

Blanco, H. G.; Oliveira, D. A.; Coleti, J. T. (1981). Competição entre plantas daninhas e a

cana-de-açúcar e soja e seu efeito em culturas sucedâneas. Tese de Doutorado em Agronomia Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista,

cultivado com soja e seu efeito em culturas sucedâneas. *Planta Daninha*, Vol. 23, No.

em solo cultivado com cana-de-açúcar. *Bragantia*, Vol. 69, N. 1, p. 71-75, 2010, ISSN

comunidade natural de mato em soja (*Glycine max* (L.) Merrill). *O Biologico*, v. 44, p.

cultura da cana-de-açúcar. I. Período crítico de competição produzido por uma comunidade natural de dicotiledôneas em culturas de ano. *O Biológico*, São Paulo,

cultura da cana-de-açúcar. II. Período de competição produzido por uma comunidade natural de mato, com predomínio de gramíneas, em culturas de ano. III. Influência da competição na nutrição da cana-de-açúcar. *O Biológico*, São Paulo,

highest dose, 0.6 and 1.2 kg ha-1, respectively

American Proccedings., v. 29, n 1, p. 1-7

ed. São Paulo. ANDEF, 159p

4, p. 693-700, 2005, ISSN 0100-8358

Botucatu-Brasil

0006-8705

299-305

Vol 45, p. 225-48.

v. 45, p. 131-40

v. 47, p. 77-88.

**4. Conclusion** 

**5. References** 

adequate.


**8** 

*Córdoba, Argentina* 

**Paraquat: An Oxidative Stress Inducer** 

*1Instituto de Fitopatologia y Fisiologia Vegetal (IFFIVE-INTA), Córdoba,* 

*2Cátedra de Fisiología Vegetal; Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales; U.N.,* 

Paraquat (1,1\_-dimethyl-4,4\_-bipyridinium dichloride), is a foliar-applied and non selective bipyridinium herbicides, and it is one of the most widely used herbicides in the world, controlling weeds in a huge variety of crops like corn, rice, soybean, wheat, potatoes; major fruits: apples, oranges, bananas; beverages: coffee, tea, cocoa; and processed crops: cotton,

For a foliar absorbed herbicide to completely kill a plant, it must be capable of accessing the whole plant, as growing leaves and newly emerging roots. This often means that the herbicide not only needs to damage at the point of its absorption, but must also be

Paraquat is a cation formed by two pyridine rings, each having a quaternary amine and thus charged 2+. Although the majority of herbicides are passively transported as noionic molecules, paraquat cation movement by diffusion across membrane lipid bilayer is unlikely. Transporter studies to explain paraquat compartment were made using several systems. ABC transporters, large membrane proteins which use ATP for the active transport of several compounds including paraquat have been described. Other groups of transporters are small antiporter proteins which exchange protons for some other molecules using the proton electrochemical potential gradient (Morymio et al., 1992, Yerushalmi, et al., 1995). In animal tissues it has been shown that paraquat transport occurs by carriers that also function as carriers of other molecules such as polyamines (Rannels et al., 1989, Jóri et al., 2007). Hart et al. (1992a 1992b) demonstrated that paraquat movement across plasma membrane root epidermal and cortical maize cells has a concentration-dependent kinetic and that the herbicide binds to cell wall, and its transport is facilitated by a carrier that normally functions in the movement of molecules that has a similar chemical structure or similar charge distribution such us diamines like putrescine and cadaverine. Using maize protoplast Hart et al. (1993) showed that paraquat uptake has similar concentration-kinetic to that observed in intact cells and the accumulation inside cells increase in a timedependent manner and is saturated after 10 min, although 50% of uptake occurs during the first 10 s. The saturable Km for paraquat uptake in maize cells and protoplasts was determined at 90 µM and 132 µM respectively, similarly the Km in rat lung was 70 µM

translocated to parts of the plant not contacted by the herbicide during application.

**1. Introduction** 

oil palm, sugarcane and rubber.

Ramiro Lascano1,2, Nacira Muñoz1,2, Germán Robert1,2,

Marianela Rodriguez1, Mariana Melchiorre1,

Victorio Trippi1,2 and Gastón Quero1,2

