**3. Conclusion**

488 Herbicides – Properties, Synthesis and Control of Weeds

4.55\* 4.30\* 4.42\* 4.37\*

3.86

Control Monitor Atribut Mustang Logran Husar Treatment

in grain dry matter Crude protein Crude fat Crude fibre Crude ash % t ha-1 % t ha-1 % t ha-1 % t ha-1

y = 4.517 – 0.091 x; P = 0.004 (2)

y = 4.454 – 0.0128 x; P = 0.032 (3)

3.68

Note. LSD05=0.372; \* - essential differences from control treatment

Fig. 13. Winter wheat grain yield of crop with autumn application of herbicides.

Evaluating grain chemical composition (Table 4), it was established that independently of used herbicides, nutritional composition of grain was not radically different. The amount of crude protein in winter wheat grain changed from 8.9% to 9.9% and there was found from 1.43% to 2.1% of crude fat, from 1.93% to 2.67% of crude fibre and from 1.2% to 1.7% of

Control 8.9 0.328 1.53 0.056 2.23 0.082 1.2 0.044 Monitor 9.4 0.404 1.43 0.061 2.7 0.116 1.5 0.064 Atribut 9.1 0.351 1.69 0.065 2.59 0.099 1.2 0.046 Mustang 9.9 0.437 2.1 0.092 2.43 0.107 1.3 0.057 Logran 9.3 0.406 2.00 0.087 1.93 0.084 1.7 0.74 Husar 9.5 0.432 1.82 0.082 2.67 0.120 1.7 0.077

Table 4. Grain chemical composition of winter wheat crop with autumn application of

A statistically reliable reverse linear correlation r = -0.565\*\* (Pilipavičius et al., 2010b) was established between crop weed number after spring spraying by herbicides and winter

Evaluating dependence between weed air-dry biomass after herbicide application in spring and winter wheat grain yield (3), it was established statistically reliable reverse linear

0

(Pilipavičius et al., 2010b)

Treatment

wheat grain yield (2).

crude ash (Pilipavičius et al., 2010b).

herbicides (Pilipavičius et al., 2010b).

correlation r = -0.438\* (Pilipavičius et al., 2010b).

1

2

Grain yield, t ha-1

3

4

5

Winter wheat *Triticum aestivum* L. is sensitive to weed competition in early stages of growth and development. In conventional technologies herbicides in winter cereals are applied in spring. Therefore, perennial and annual (especially winter annual) weeds over-wintered successfully in cereals have favourable conditions to grow and compete with cereals when vegetation in spring is renewing.

Perennial weeds are well adapted to over-wintering biologically while their air-dry mass increases till 11% during wintering. Conventionally, it is opposite to annual weeds. However, it was established that during winter time in winter wheat crop annual weeds, even some summer annual ones, had increase adaptivity of successful surviving winter frosts and accumulated higher one plant average mass by 5-6%during winter time. Moderated increase of annual weed mass during winter time was in conformity with the research hypothesis that many annual weeds successfully survive winter time as earlier was not usual.

Separate weed species of winter wheat crop responded adequately to the autumn application of herbicides as the whole crop weed community. Standard spring spraying as conventional technology with composite of herbicides is insufficient effective while average weed plant mass increase from 0.10 gram in autumn till 0.14 gram in spring after herbicide application, i.e. increase make 40%. Weeds had tendency to spread in winter wheat crop without autumn application of herbicides and formed more competitive weed community against winter wheat in spring. It can be concluded that even without significant crop general weediness decrease in autumn by herbicides weeds are damaged and weaken what is essentially highlighted at conventional spring application of herbicides in winter cereals. Weeds left in the crop after autumn spraying by herbicides reliably by 33.5% increased crop weediness in spring before conventional spraying, as described in regression equation y = 4.077 + 0.335 x.

Winter wheat yield and its agrophytocenoses weed air-dry mass in spring crop was in conformity with the law of crop productivity. Winter wheat grain yield depended on weed air-dry mass and was described by the reverse linear correlation r =-0.438\* and regression y = 4.45–0.013x analyses.

Modern technologies of herbicide application at early stages of winter wheat development in autumn are very promising while in our experiment it gives increase in grain yield till 25% and comparing it with average winter wheat yield in Republic of Lithuania during the same period it was got increase in grain yield from 50% to 85%.

For the best weed control and winter wheat yield results herbicides should be applied in autumn, especially when the weather is favourable for prolonged development of weeds even at low density of perennial ones in the crop.

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