**Part 2**

**Energy Efficiency on Demand Side** 

116 Energy Efficiency – A Bridge to Low Carbon Economy

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**6** 

*Finland* 

**Effect of an Electric Motor on the Energy** 

**Efficiency of an Electro-Hydraulic Forklift** 

Mobile working machines play an important role in modern industry. These machines are widely used for instance in the mining, process and goods manufacturing industry, forest harvesting and harbour terminal work. Figure 1. illustrates typical examples of mobile

(a) (b) (c)

photo: Cargotec photo: Rocla photo: Sandvik Fig. 1. Examples of mobile working machines: a) straddle carrier, b) forklift truck and c)

Mobile working machines can be classified as light mobile machines that operate by battery power and heavy machines that work using a diesel engine. Both of these types include mechanical structures, which are driven by hydraulics. With the rising concern in global scale environmental issues, energy saving in vehicles and mobile machines is an important subject and reduction of fuel consumption is strongly required (Petrone, 2010 ; Saber, 2010 ; Bhattacharya, 2009 ; Montazeri-Gh, 2010 ; Mapelli, 2010, Liu, 2010). Hybrid propulsion concepts in working machines are emerging to improve their fuel economy and reduce CO2 emissions (Fakham, 2011; Hui, 2010, Paulides, 2008). In addition, now there are government mandated Tier IV reduction regulations for harmful exhaust gases for diesel powered

**1. Introduction** 

working machines.

mine underground truck.(Minav, 2011d)

Tatiana Minav, Lasse Laurila and Juha Pyrhönen *Lappeenranta University of Technology/LUT Energy* 
