**Section 5**

**Other Spectroscopy** 

250 Macro to Nano Spectroscopy

Yoo, J. S., Johng, H.-M., Yoon, T.-J., Shin, H.-S., Lee, B.-Ch., Lee, Ch., Ahn. B. S., Kang, D.-I.,

You, Z.-L., Zhu, H.-L., Liu, W.-S. (2004). Solvolthermal Syntheses and Crystal Structures of

*Anorg. Allg. Chem.*, 630, 11, (Sept. 2004), pp. 1617-1622, ISSN: 1521-3749 Zou, M., Gao, H., Li, J., Xu, F., Wang, L., Jiang, J. (2008). Rapid determination of hazardous

immunoassay. *Anal. Biochem.*, 374, pp. 318-324, ISSN: 0003-2697

pp. 342-348, ISSN: 1567-1739

Lee, J.-K., Soh, K.-S. (2007). In vivo fluorescence imaging of threadlike tissues (Bonghan ducts) inside lymphatic vessels with nanoparticles. *Curr. Appl. Phys*., 7,

Three Linear Trinuclear Schiff Base Complexes of Zinc(II) and Cadmium(II). *Z.* 

compounds in food based on a competitive fluorescence microsphere

**13** 

*Poland* 

**Basic Principles** 

*University of Bialystok, Bialystok* 

Joanna Karpinska *Institute of Chemistry,* 

**and Analytical Application** 

**of Derivative Spectrophotometry** 

Analytical methods based on measurements of UV or visible light absorption belong to the most popular and most often used in laboratory practice. Commercially available apparatuses are cheap and easy for operation. Spectrophotometric procedures usually are not time- and labour-consuming. The economical aspects of UV-Vis techniques is worth of emphasize too. It is one of the cheapest technique, so spectrophotometers are basic equipment of every laboratory. The main disadvantage and limitation of the spectrophotometry is its low selectivity. The measurement of absorbance is burden by interferences derived from others components of sample. A recorded UV-Vis spectrum is the sum of absorbances of analyte and matrix. Usually, recorded bands are well-defined but more or less distorted by a background. As the background is called absorbance exhibited by matrix (reagents or accompanied compounds). The problem with specific or nonspecific background can be omitted by measurements versus blank. Such procedure can be successfully applied only in the case of simple samples, which composition is stable and well known or when highly selective reagents are used. An isolation of an analyte from matrix is another solution for increasing the selectivity of assay. But every additional operation introduced into sample preparation procedure extents time and costs of single

One of the simplest method for an increasing a selectivity is derivatisation of spectra. This operation allows to remove spectral interferences and as a consequence leads to increase selectivity of assay. Derivatisation of sets of digital data is well known method of separation useful signals from noised data [1]. Historically, the beginning of derivative spectrophotometry is dated on 1953 when the first analogue spectrophotometer was build by Singleton and Cooler [1]. But the fast development of this technique started in 70-s of twentieth century, when new generation of spectrophotometers controlled by computers were constructed. An apogee of its popularity occurred in 80-s of last century. Nowadays, it is only additional technique, rarely used, though it is fully available as a build-in function in software of modern spectrophotometers. I hope that this work gives some light on

analysis and increases risk of loss or contamination of the analyte.

derivative spectrophotometry and restores it in some way.

**1. Introduction** 
