**Section 2**

**UV-VIS Spectroscopy** 

78 Macro to Nano Spectroscopy

Milman N, Laursen J, Podenphant, et al. Trace elements in normal and cirrhotic human liver

Olynyk JK, O'Neill R, Britton RS, et al. Determination of hepatic iron concentration in fresh

Pereira TC, Saron ML. Carvalho WA, et al. Research on zinc blood levels and nutritional

Phillips MJ, Ackerley CA, Superina RA, et al. Excess zinc associated with severe progressive cholestasis in Cree and Ojibwa-Cree children. Lancet 1996; 347:866-868.

Roberts EA, Schilsky ML. A practice guideline on Wilson disease. Hepatology 2003; 37:1475-

Rodriguez-Moreno F, González-Reimers E, Santolaria-Fernandez F, et al. Zinc, copper, manganese and iron in chronic alcoholic liver disease. Alcohol 1997; 14:39-44. Sampson B, Kovar IZ, Rauscher A, et al. A case of hyperzincemia with functional zinc

Sato C, Koyama H, Satoh H, et al. Concentrations of copper and zinc in liver and serum

Schneider AC, Pinto RB, Fröelich PE et al. Low plasma zinc concentrations in patients with

Sharda B, Bhandari B. Studies of trace elements in childhood cirrhosis. Acta Pharmacol

Treble RG, Thompson TS, Lynch HR. Determination of copper, manganese and zinc in

U.S., Department of Health and Human Services. Food and Drug Administration. Guidance

absorption spectrophotometry: Full validation of an analytical method using a fast

 http://www.fda.gov/CDER/GUIDANCE/4252fnl.htm. Accessed: June 30, 2011. Wortmann AC, Froehlich PE, Pinto RB, et al. Hepatic iron quantification by atomic

samples in biliary atresia patients at different stages of traditional surgeries.

X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Liver 1986; 6:111-117.

Pietrangelo A. Haemochromatosis. Gut 2003; 52 Suppl 2:ii23-ii30

Powell SR. The antioxidant properties of zinc. J Nutr 2000; 130:1447-54.

depletion: a new disorder? Pediatr Res 1997; 42:219-225.

for industry: bioanalytical method validation. Available at:

sample preparation. Spectroscopy 2007; 21:161-167.

Tohoku J Exp Med 2005; 207:271-277.

cirrhosis. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2009; 85(4):359-364.

Toxicol (Copenh) 1986; 59 Suppl 7:206-10.

human liver. Biometals 1998; 11:49-53.

106:674-677.

65.

1492.

tissue. I. Iron, copper, zinc, selenium, manganese, titanium and lead measured by

and paraffin-embedded tissue: diagnostic implications. Gastroenterology 1994;

status in adolescents with autoimmune hepatitis. Arq Gastroenterol 2011; 48(1):62-

**5** 

*1,2USA 3India* 

**Synthesis and Characterization of CdSe** 

**Quantum Dots by UV-Vis Spectroscopy** 

*1Department of Mathematics, Edward Waters College, Jacksonville, Florida, 2Department of Natural Sciences, Coppin State University, Baltimore, Maryland,* 

CdSe nanocrystals are effective visual aid to demonstrate quantum mechanics, since their transition energies can be explained as a Particle in a Box, where a delocalized electron is the particle and the nanocrystal is the box. Kippeny and co-workers1 have provided more background information and theoretical discussion. Additionally, Ellis et al.2 have stated that modern science is becoming increasingly interdisciplinary. One example is material science, a broad, chemically oriented view of solids that results from the combined viewpoints of chemistry, physics, engineering, and for biotechnology, the biological sciences. Schulz3 has suggested that nanotechnology is an exciting emerging field that involves the manipulation of the atoms and molecules at the nano scale. It is projected that important advances in engineering will come from understanding of the properties of matter constructed from building blocks whose size and shape is uniform and on the 1-100 nm scale. These consequences include technologies to be used in medicine4, advances in

Several methods exist for synthesizing Cd-Se Quantum Dots. The Molecular Beam Epitax (MBE) is expensive and not readily accessible. Kippeny et al. have used dimethyl cadmium, which is expensive, explosive, and pyrophonic making the system difficult to control and reproduce. Peng and others7-9 have pioneered the kinetic synthesis of Cd-Se nanocrystals from CdO and elemental Se. Boatman et al.10 have prepared Cd-Se nanocrystals using a kinetic synthesis with a quenching technique where the temperature was 225°C. The visible absorption and emission spectra of individual samples collected at various time intervals during the experimental run were recorded and the maximum wavelength peak were determined. In this paper we report a modified technique of kinetic synthesis of Cd-Se nanocrystals that is safer, simple and can easily be carried out by students in the normal

computer technologies5, defense6 and everyday applications3.

**1. Introduction** 

chemistry lab.

Corresponding Authors

 \*

Petero Kwizera1,\*, Alleyne Angela1, Moses Wekesa2,\*,

*3Sophisticated Instrument Centre (SIC), School of Basic Science,* 

Md. Jamal Uddin2,\* and M. Mobin Shaikh3

*Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Indore,* 
