**6.2.2 Results**

As shown in Table 4, all the samples except one of guava brands contained lower concentration of copper than the 5ppm permissible limit set for the metal. All samples had concentrations of zinc well below the 5ppm maximum permissible level. The iron concentrations were below the limit of 15ppm in all the samples except for the pineapple brand, which showed a concentration of 50ppm. This could be due to many reasons such as the fact that the fruit juice brand was acidic and the fruit acids could pick up the metal from the equipment during processing or storage. As minerals are soil and species dependent, the fruit acids might also have picked up iron and other metals from the soil during growth. Iron could also be added for fortification.

Cadmium was more wide spread, occurring in seven brands with a range of 0.16 to 0.38ppm. Lead occurred in four brands with range 0.11 to 0.33 ppm. Only the foreign made apple juice brand with the lead content of 0.33ppm exceeded the maximum permissible level of 0.3ppm by FAO/W.H.O. The limit for cadmium was not stipulated but compared with the limit set for lead (since they are both non-nutritive elements), the foreign made guava brand and the pineapple brand may be considered to be high in cadmium (Okoye & Ibeto, 2009).

#### **6.3 Soil**
