**3. Conclusion**

414 Macro to Nano Spectroscopy

Fig. 9. TLC of *B. articulata (Ba), B. gaudichaudiana (Bg)* and *B. sagittalis (Bs)*. Chromatograms were sprayed with NP-PEG and observed under UV 365 (A) or under UV 254 without chemical treatment (B). A, apigenin; G genkwanin; L: luteolin. Mobile phase: DCM:

Hexane:MeOH (4:2:1)

The growing tendency to use high quality, standardized plant extracts, with a guarantee of security and efficacy, is going to continue. Therefore, all efforts should be directed at researching the chemical-pharmalogical profiles of the extracts and combinations and in rationalizing their therapeutic applications.

Quality Control of Herbal Medicines with Spectrophotometry and Chemometric Techniques

Vol 154, No. 1-2 (December 2004), pp. 69-80, ISSN 0378-4274.

*Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas*, Vol 13, pp. 5-102.

*medicines*, American Botanical council, Austin.

Janeiro, Brasil.

1388-0209.

957.

Aires, Argentina.

A., Sao Paulo LTDA.

566, ISSN 0032-0943.

*Vegetabilis*, Vol 5, pp. 398-429.

2003), pp.555-559, ISSN 1071-5762.

– Application to *Baccharis* L. Species Belonging to Sect – Caulopterae DC. (Asteraceae) 417

Blumenthal, M. (1998). *The complete german commission E monographs. Herbal guide to herbal* 

Coelho, M.G.P., Reis, P.A., Gava, V.B., Marques, P.R., Gayer, C.R., Laranja, G.A.T.,

Correa, M.P. (1985). *Dicionário das plantas úteis do Brasil e das exóticas cultivadas*, IBDF, Río de

Cuatrecasas, J. (1967). Revisión de las especies colombianas del género *Baccharis. Revista de la* 

De Candolle, A.P. (1836). Compositae: *Baccharis*. *Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni* 

De Oliveira, S.Q., Dal-Pizzol, F., Gosmann, G., Guillaume, D. Moreira, J.C. & Schenckel, F.P.

Desmarchelier, G., Bermúdez, M.J.N., Coussio, J., Ciccia, G. & Boveris, A. (1997).

Dresch, A.P., Montanha, J.A., Matzenba, N.E. & Mentz, C.A. (2006). Controle De Qualidade

Emerciano, V.P., Militão, J.S.L., Campos, C.C., Romoff, P., Kaplan, M.A.C., Zambon, M. &

ESCOP (European Scientific Cooperative on Phytotherapy) (2003). *ESCOP Monographs*. *The* 

Farmacopea Nacional Argentina VI ed. (1978). *Codex Medecamentarius Argentino.* Buenos

Farmacopéia Brasileira IV Edição. (2002). Oficializada Governo Federal. Atheneu Editora S.

Fullas, F., Hussain, R.A., Chai, H., Pezzuto, J.M., Soejarto, D.D. & Kinghorn, A.D. (1994).

Gené, R.M., Marín, E. & Adzet, T. (1992). Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Aqueous Extracts of

Gené, R.M., Cartañá, C., Adzet, T., Marín, E., Parella, T. & Cañigueral, S. (1996). Anti-

Constituents. *Planta Medica*, Vol 62, pp. 232-235, ISSN 0032-0943.

Rápidos. *Infarma*, Vol 18, No. 11-12, pp. 37-40, ISSN 0104-0219.

Verlag, Sttutgart; Thieme NewYork, New York.

57, No. 6 (June 1996), pp.801-807, ISSN 0163-3864.

(2003). Antioxidant activity of *Baccharis articulata* extracts: isolation of a new compound with antioxidant activity. *Free Radical Research*, Vol 37, No. 5 (January

Antioxidant and prooxidant activities in aqueous extracts of argentine plants. *International Journal of Pharmacognosy*, Vol 35, No.2 (January 1997), 116-120, ISSN

De Espécies Do Gênero *Baccharis* L.(Asteraceae) Por CCD A Partir De Extratos

Brant, A.J.C. (2001). Flavonoids as chemotaxonomic markers for Asteraceae. Biochem. *Biochemical Systematic and Ecology*, Vol 29, No. 9 (October 2001), pp.947-

*scientific foundation for herbal medicinal products*, ESCOP, Exeter; Georg Thieme

Cytotoxic constituents of *Baccharis gaudichaudiana. Journal of Natural Products*, Vol

Three Species of the Genus *Baccharis*. *Planta Medica*, Vol 58 (January 1992), pp.565-

Inflammatory and Analgesic Activity of *Baccharis trimera*: Identification of its Active

Felzenswalb, I. & Sabino, K.C.C. (2004). Antiarthritic effect and subacute toxicological evaluation of *Baccharis genistelloides* aqueous extract. *Toxicology Letters,*

In the present example, sect. Caulopterae species are very similar between them and only *B. articulata*, *B. crispa* and *B. trimera* are official in pharmacopeia. UV/Visible spectrophotometry coupled to PCA grouped populations of these three species in different areas in a two dimensional graph. Three additional species were grouped in different areas in the same graph too (*B. microcephala*, *B. phyteumoides* and *B. penningtonii*). Populations of species that fall outside the areas of official species are unfit for medicinal purposes. It should be noted that in the case of the official species *B. articulata*, additional techniques, such as TLC should be applied to distinguish between *B. articulata*, *B. gaudichaudiana* and *B. sagittalis*. According to this, the combination of these techniques could to be used for routine quality control of official herbal medicines.
