**6. References**


The best emulsifying properties exhibited by hydrolyzed sunflower lecithins (LHM7, LHP7, LHM9, LHP9) in comparison with the native lecithin could indicate that their application by the local oil industry could revalue this by-product of the refining process of crude

The use of a microbial phospholipase A2 gives the possibility to obtain diverse sunflower lysolecithins, which functionality could be applied to the development of foods with *kosher*

This work was supported by grants from Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica (ANPCyT), Argentina, PICT 1085 (ANPCyT); Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina, PIP 1735 (CONICET); and

M. C. Tomás is a member of the Career of Scientific and Technological Researcher of Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina. D. M. Cabezas is a recipient of a postdoctoral fellowship from Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET). R. Madoery is a Scientific and Technological Researcher, and Professor at Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC). B. W.

Sunflower lecithin and microbial PLA2 were provided by Vicentin S.A.I.C. and Danisco,

Cabezas, D.M., Diehl, B. W. K. & Tomás M.C. (2009a). Effect of processing parameters on

Cabezas, D.M., Diehl, B. W. K. & Tomás M.C. (2009b). Sunflower lecithin: Application of a

Cabezas, D.M., Madoery, R., Diehl, B.W.K. & Tomás, M.C. (2011a). Application of enzymatic

Cabezas, D.M., Madoery, R., Diehl, B.W.K. & Tomás, M.C. (2011b). Enzymatic hydrolysis of

Carlsson, A. (2008). Physical properties of phospholipids. In: Gunstone FD (ed)

Diehl, B. W. K. (1997). Multinuclear high-resolution magnetic resonance spectroscopy. In:

sunflower PC enriched fractions extracted with aqueous-ethanol. *European Journal* 

fractionation process with absolute ethanol. *Journal of the American Oil Chemists'* 

hydrolysis on sunflower lecithin using a pancreatic PLA2. *Journal of the American Oil* 

sunflower lecithins using a microbial PLA2. In: Hughes VC (ed) Sunflowers: cultivation, nutrition, and biodiesel uses. Nova Science Publishers, New York

Phospholipid technology and applications. The Oily Press, Bridgwater (UK),

Lipid Analysis in Oils and Fats. Ed. R. J. Hamilton, Blackie Academic &

Universidad Nacional de La Plata (UNLP), Argentina, 11/X502 (UNLP).

K. Diehl is Director of Spectral Service GmbH, Cologne, Germany.

*of Lipid Science and Technology,* No 111, pp. 993-1002

*Society*, No 86, pp. 189–196.

(USA), Chapter 9, pp. 303-316

Chapter 5, pp. 104

*Chemists' Society*, No 88, pp. 443-446

Professional, London (UK), pp. 87–135

respectively. Thorsten Buchen is acknowledged for his technical assistance.

**4. Conclusions** 

sunflower oil.

and *halal* certification.

**6. References** 

**5. Acknowledgments** 


**4** 

 *Japan* 

**Photodecomposition Behaviors of** 

**Using an Alumina Carrier-Titanium** 

**Dioxide Photocatalyst** 

 Shin Li, Yuji Okumura, Yoshikazu Iida, Teiji Tanizaki and Masayuki Higuchi

Seiichi Ishikawa, Bunko Cho,

*The University of Kitakyushu* 

**Pesticides in the Source for Water Supply** 

The countermeasures against toxic substances or musty odor cause substances in the source for water supply have become a serious subject with the pollution of environmental waters (Coleman et al., 1980; Nakasugi, 1993; Tanada et al., 1995; U. S. EPA, 1993). For the purpose of the utilization of the photodecomposition method for the water purification at a water purification plant or a water purifier, we have investigated on the photodecomposition behaviors of organic pollutants (Matsuda et al., 2002; Okumura et al., 2003), total organic compounds (Tanizaki et al., 2005), formaldehyde (Tanizaki et al., 2005), total organic halides (Tanizaki et al., 2005), trihalomethanes (Tanizaki et al., 1997, 2005), geosmin (Okumura et al., 2004) and 2-methyl-iso-borneol (Okumura et al., 2004) using a titanium dioxide (TiO2) photocatalyst. Relatively high photodecomposition efficiencies were obtained for these

Pesticide is one of the toxic chemical substances polluting the source for water supply (Tanada et al., 1995), vegetables, fruits, etc (Ishikawa et al., 2004). Then, the residual pesticide in many kinds of food have already been regulated and the aiming standard values of 101 types of pesticide for tap water quality control were set up in 2003 (Ando, 2004). However, only 21 in 117 types of pesticide showed over 80% of removal ratio in the coagulation and sedimentation usually performed at a water purification plant (Ishikawa et al., 2006). Then, we investigated on the photodecomposition behaviors of the 5 types of

We have ever used silica gel having high decomposition efficiency as a carrier of TiO2 photocatalyst. However, a silica gel carrier was fragile. In addition, sufficient endurance of the carrier is demanded when the decomposition of chemicals in water and food or that disinfection using supersonic wave together is performed (Ishikawa et al., 2008). Then, we also investigated on the photodecomposition ability with an alumina carrier, which could

stand against ultra violet (UV) light and water, instead of silica gel carrier.

pesticide which were largely used in Kitakyushu district.

**1. Introduction** 

substances.

