**3. Conclusions**

Heart failure with normal left ventricular ejection fraction (HFNEF) currently accounts for more than 50% of all heart failure patients. The updated strategies for the diagnosis and exclusion of HFNEF are useful not only for individual patient management but also for patient recruitment in future clinical trials exploring therapies for HFNEF.

#### **4. Acknowledgments**

The authors thank Dr. Takahiro Shiota, MD (Professor, Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center and UCLA, Los Angels, USA), Dr. Homma Shunichi, MD, FACC (the

Diastolic Heart Failure 57

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**5** 

*Israel* 

**Effects of Eptifibatide on the Microcirculation** 

**Myocardial Infarction: A Trans-Thoracic** 

Dawod Sharif1,2, Amal Sharif-Rasslan2,3 and Uri Rosenschein1,2

**Coronary Artery Doppler Study** 

*1Cardiology Department, Bnai Zion Medical Center, Haifa* 

*3Mathematics Departmant,The Academic Arab College, Haifa* 

*2Technion, Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa* 

**After Primary Angioplasty in Acute ST-Elevation** 

Cardiovascular atherosclerosis is the most common disease in the industrial countries. In the United States of America more than 1 million patients every year are admitted to the coronary care unit with suspected acute myocardial infarction (Yusuf et al, 2004; American Heart Association, 2007). The incidence of acute myocardial infarction in USA is 865000, 565000 of them new infarctions annually. In Europe, the situation is similar to the USA, however in northern countries the incidence is higher than in southern countries (Lopez et al, 2006). In the emerging market economies in Eastern Europe, higher cardiovascular mortality is found. The burden of cardiovascular and coronary heart disease in developing countries is approaching that in developed countries. Thus the problem is a worldwide problem and international joint efforts are needed in order to treat this still prevalent

Mortality of acute myocardial infarction is decreasing steadily. This decrease is related to reduction in the prevalence of disease in some countries, improvement of primary prevention and secondary prevention as well as treatment of the acute event (Hunink et al,

Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is the treatment of choice in acute ST elevation myocardial infarction (Grines et al, 1993; Zijlstra et al, 1993; GUSTO, 1997; De Luca et al, 2004).The objective of primary PCI is to restore myocardial perfusion in the coronary bed distal to the occluded culprit artery. The TIMI classification (Chesebro et al, 1987) and myocardial blush grades (van't Hof, 1998; Gibson et al, 2000; Stone et al, 2002) used to assess epicardial coronary artery flow and myocardial perfusion after primary PCI

**1. Introduction** 

disease.

**1.1 Extent of disease** 

1997; Cooper et al, 2000).

**1.2 Contemporary treatment** 

